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MICROBIO > Fungi L21 > Flashcards

Fungi L21 Flashcards

1
Q

Transmission of Candida

A

Infection is endogenous, although cross infection can also occur (eg from Mother to child or amongst infant siblings)

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2
Q

Characteristics of Candida

A

Found as spherical or oval budding yeast

Single cells or blastospores

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3
Q

What are pseudo hyphae?

A

Elongated filamentous cells joined end to end

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4
Q

When can pseudo-hyphae be seen?

A

At lower incubation temperatures and on nutritionally poor media

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5
Q

What are true hyphae?

A

True hyphae are thread-like tubes that contain the fungal cytoplasm and its organelles.

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6
Q

What culture do C. Albicans grow on? How do they appear?

A

Grows on sabouraud agar, as creamy white colonies, flat or hemispherical in shape

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7
Q

Under which agar with what conditions does C. Albicans grow?

A

Sabouraud agar

High sugar, Low pH conditions

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8
Q

5 predisposing factors for growth of candida

A
  1. Chronic local irritants
  2. Ill-fitting appliances
  3. Dietary factors
  4. Immunological disorders
  5. Endocrinal disorders
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9
Q

What does superficial candidiasis affect?

A

Mainly the skin and epithelial surfaces

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10
Q

4 conditions caused by superficial candidiasis

A
  • mucosal infection/thrush
  • candida intertrigo
  • nappy rash
  • candida paronychia
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11
Q

What does mucocutaneous candidiasis affect?

A

Involves both the skin and the underlying mucosa

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12
Q

What deficiency is chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis associated with?

A

T cell deficiency

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13
Q

Treatment for chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis?

A

Systemic anti-fungal therapy

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14
Q

Where does systemic/deep candidiasis occur?

A

In most organs following candidaemia (candida in blood)

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15
Q

Who are at risk of systemic/deep candidiasis? (X3)

A

Seriously ill patients
Patients who had heart surgery/organ transplant
Patients who are on Long term immuno suppression drugs/drug therapy

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16
Q

4 forms in which oral candidosis could present in?

A
  1. Pseudo-membranous candidosis (PMC/thrush)
  2. Erythematous candidosis
  3. Angular cheilitis
  4. Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (candida leukoplakia)
17
Q

Name four groups of people who are likely to get erythematous candidosis

A
  1. Denture wearers
  2. Prolonged drug therapy - antibiotics / topical steroids
  3. Persistent PMC
  4. AIDS patients
18
Q

Treatment for patients with erythematous candidosis caused by denture-wearing (x3)

A
  1. Topical antifungal agents - chlorhexidine
  2. Clean Dentures
  3. removal of dentures at night
19
Q

Treatment for patients with erythematous candidosis caused by prolonged drug therapy

A

Topical antifungal agents

Stop administration of antibiotics

20
Q

What is angular cheilitis caused by?

A

Overgrowth of C. Albicans at the angle of the mouth

21
Q

Groups of people prone to angular cheilitis? (X2)

A
  1. Denture wearers

2. People with vitamin deficiencies (iron and vit b12)

22
Q

Treatment of angular cheilitis (x2)

A
  1. Resolve underlying problem

2. Antifungal agents

23
Q

If a patient presents with individual lesions of red/white speckled patches, with the surface being parakeratinised and hyperplastic, what disease could it be?

A

Chronic hyperplastic candidosis (candida leukoplakia)

24
Q

Symptoms of chronic leukoplakia

A
  • individual lesions
  • red/white speckles
  • parakeratinised and hyperplastic surface
25
Q

Virulence factors contributing to the adherence of C. Albicans (x4)

A
  • hyphal form
  • hydrophobic surface contains non-specific adherence process
  • expansion of cell surface specific adhesion molecules
  • fibrillary mannoprotein
26
Q

Virulence factors of C. Albicans promoting host defences/damage

A

Secreted aspartyl proteinases (SAPs)
Phospholipase
Concentrated at hyphal tip

27
Q

Name 3 main groups of antifungal agents

A
  1. Polyenes
  2. Azoles
  3. Antimetabolite - 5-fluorocytosine
28
Q

Give 2 examples of Polyenes

A
  1. Amphotericin B

2. Nystatin

29
Q

Mode of action of Polyenes

A

Binds to ergosterol in fungal lipid membrane - makes the membrane leaky

30
Q

Name a fungicidal agent and a fungistatic agent

A

Fungicidal: Polyenes
Fungistatic: Azoles

31
Q

Name the Azoles (x5)

A

Imidazoles - miconazole and ketoconazole

Triazoles - itraconazole, fluconazole, triazole

32
Q

Name an example of an anti metabolite

A

5-fluorocytosine

33
Q

Habitat of Candida

A

Indigenous to the oral cavity, GI tract, female genital tract and sometimes the skin

MICROBIO (16 decks)

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