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Microbiology Shelf Studying > Gram + Rods > Flashcards

Gram + Rods Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Bacillus

A

Spore forming

Aerobic

Secrete exotoxin

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2
Q

Clostridium

A

Spore forming

anaerobic

Seretes exotoxin

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3
Q

Listeria

A

Aerobic growth

Factulative Intracellula

infects immunocompromised hosts

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4
Q

Corynebacterium

A

Aerobic growth

Secretes exotoxin

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5
Q

Actinomyces

A

anaerobic growth

branching rods

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6
Q

Nocardia

A

Aerobic growth

Immunocompromised hosts

partially acid fast

branching rods

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7
Q

Mycobacterium

A

Aerobic growth

faculative intracellular

Immunocompromised hosts

Acid Fast

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8
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Box-car like

Polypeptide capsule

Biowarfare Agent (large crowds in vignette)

Cutaneous: Papule, necrotic–> black eschar

Pulmonary: “Wool Sorters” life threatening pneumonia, widening mediastinum on CXR

GI: rare, edema & blockage of GI tract

Anthrax toxin: made up of Lethal factor (kills cells), edema factor (AC–> inc cAMP)

Toxoid VACCINE- given to high risk occupations

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9
Q

Bacillus cereus

A

Foodborne

Fried rice from chinese buffet where food is kept warm not hot

Gastroenteritis: nonblooding emesis

Emetic toxin: preformed 1-6 hrs

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10
Q

Gram + rod

spore forming

Anaerobic

A

Clostridium

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11
Q

Tetanus toxin- inhbitis release of GABA/Glycine (inhbitory NT)

Spastic paralysis (risus sardonicus, opisthotonus, extreme muscle spasms)

Transmission: puncture wounds/ human bites

reservoir: soil

VACCINE- toxoid

TX: Anti-toxin, Ig, spasmolytics

A

Clostridium tetani

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12
Q

foodborne (honey, poorly canned foods)

soil

toxin coded by phage, heat labile, blocks Ach release

flaccid paralysis

A

Clostridium botulinum

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13
Q

preformed toxin ingested

poorly canned alkaline vegetables, smoked fish

1-2 days onset

blurred vision, dizziness

tx: respiratory support, anti-toxin

**Abx not helpful b/c intoxication not infection

A

Adult Clostridium botulinum intoxication

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14
Q

Spores ingested (honey)–> infection

toxin is produced in gut

Constipation, weak feeding, decreased crying

Abx not used

A

Infant Clostridium botulinum

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15
Q

Stormy fermentation in milk media

double zone of hemolysis

soil

traumatic implantation

alpha toxin (lecithinase)–> disrupts cell membranes

Nagler rxn identifies alpha toxin (egg yolg agar)

A

Clostridium perfringens

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16
Q

dirty wound from traumatic accident

tense tissue (edema, gas)

due to alpha toxin (lecithinase)

rapid, high mortality

tx: debridment, delayed closure, clindamycin

A

Gas gangrene (myonecrosis)

17
Q

normal flora

endogenous transmission

Use of broad spectrum abx: clindamycin, cephalosporins, amoxicillin, ampicillin

diarrhea, colitis, psuedomembranous colitis (yellow plaques on colon)

stool exam for culture

tx: metronidazole

A

Clostridium difficile

18
Q

Gram +

non spore forming

Faculative intracellular

tumbling motility

A

Listeria

19
Q

Beta hemolytic gram + rod

Actin jet motility

cold growth (soft cheeses, deli meat)

unpasteurized milk

foodborne, vertical, placental

A

Listeria monocytogenes

20
Q

Healthy pts: gastroenteritis after ingestion of soft cheeses, deli meats, hot dogs

Pregnant women: septicemia: fever, chills. Can cross placenta

Neonatal disease:

Early Onset: in utero- sepsis high mortality rate, disseminated granulomas (faculative intracellular) w/ central necrosis

Late Onset: 2-3 wks after birth from fecal exposure. Meningitis

Immunocompromised: meningitis in renal transplant pts & cancer pts.

tx: ampicillin w/ gentamycin

A

Listerosis

21
Q

Gram + rods, clubbed shaped

“chinese letters” on tellurite medium

aerobic

Toxin- encoded by phage; inhibits ribosylation of eE-2 (ihibiting protein synthesis)

throat/nasopharynx- respiratory droplets

Not invasive, colonizes epithelium

dirty gray psudomembrane

Elek test- test for toxin

Tx: erythromycin, anti-toxin

VACCINE

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

22
Q

Brancing Rods

Invasive growth

Cervicofacial (lumpy jaw)

Tissue swelling–> abcess formation–> draining abcess w/ sulfur granules in exudate

Pelvic- IUDs

CNS- solitary brain abcess

Tx: PCN, drainage

A

Actinomyces israelii

23
Q

Aerobib branching rod

partially acid fast

airborne/traumatic implantation

inc. risk- immunocompromised

Cavitary bronchopulmonary: cough, fever, dypsnea, pneumonia w/ caviation

Cutaneous/subcutaneous: celluitis w/ swelling–> drianing abscess w/ granules

tx: sulfonamides (high doses), TMP-SMX

A

Nocardi

(N. asteroides, N. brasiliensis)

24
Q

Acid fast rods

obligate aerobes

High [lipids]–> mycolic acid

resistant to drying, chemicals

sensitive to UV light

cannot be cultures

tx: multiple rx tx; dapsone, rifampin

dapsone for close family members

A

Mycobacterium

25
Q

Slow growing (3-6 wks)

Faculative intracellular** Most important virulence factor

Tuberculin- surface protein–> Type IV hypersensitivity

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

26
Q

Likes apex of the lungs

Ghon focus (replication w/in alveolar macrophages)

Macrophges transport bacili to lymph nodes Ghon Complex

Organisms are walled off–> granuloma

A

Primary pulmonary TB

27
Q

Granulomas erode into airway due to decreased T cell immunity

Mycobacterial replication

Disease symptoms

May disseminate (miliary TB)

A

Reactivation TB

28
Q

Dx of TB

A

Screen: Auramine-rhodamine stain (fluorescent apple green)

Confrim: Acif fast stain

PPD skin test indicates exposure not active disease

No serodiagnosis

29
Q

BCG Vaccine NOT IN USA

Multiple drug therapy

1st 2 months: isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide

next 4 months: isoniazin, rifampin

Ethambutol or streptomycin added for rx resistant cases

A

Tx of TB

30
Q

MAC

M. avium intaracellulare (non-chromogen)

M. kanasii (photochromogen)

A

Pulmonary, GI & disseminated disease

Respirtory transmission

AIDSs pts (CD4< 50), cancer chronic lung disease

31
Q

Soft tissu infxn

fish tank granuloma

transmitted via abraisions

cutaneous granulomas

tropical fish enthusiasts

A

Mycobacterium marinum

32
Q

Acid fast (punch biopsy)

obligate aerobe

obligate intracellular

like temps below body temp

Reservoir: mucosa, skin, nerves, armadillos

Transmission: nasal discharge

A

Mycobacerterium leprae

33
Q

Strong CMI (TH1)

Lepromin skin test +

CMI–>granuloma formation—> nerve impingement/damage—> loss of sensation

Macular lesions, nerve enlargement

A

Tuberculoid

M. leprae

34
Q

Weak CMI (TH2)

Lepromin skin test -

high # organisms (intracellular)

nerve damage from over growth of bacteria—> loss of sensation

Numberous nodular lesions, loss of eyebrows, destruction of nasal septum

Leonine facies

A

Lepromatous

M. leprae

35
Q
A

Microbiology Shelf Studying (8 decks)

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