Gram positive Flashcards
Not developed unhygeinic countries have a higher prevalence of which bacteria?
Gram negative resistance
Do you give amox, met and gen for everything?
NO. It should be more specific
Are gram positive cocci or bacilli more common?
cocci
Common g.positive bacilli
Listeria monocytogenes
Clostridia - C.diff and perfringens
Corynebacterium (diptheroids - different from diphtheria)
Which antibiotics classes are included in beta lactams?
Penicillin Flucloxacillin Amoxicillin Cephalosporins Piperacillin/ tazobactam Carbepenams
Does amoxicillin or penicillin have a better oral absorption?
Oral amoxicillin < oral penicillin
Which is the only drug administered orally in SEPSIS?
Vancomycin Oral only in C. diff
Why is cross reactivity there in beta lactams?
All the antibiotics that have a beta lactam ring induce cross reactivity along different classes
What does the drug effect depend on?
amount of time you spend above the MIC
What is the Minimum inhibtory concentration (MIC)?
How much drug you need to kill the pathogen
How should gentamicin be administered?
Good high dose once, IV and then good.
don’t let it be there for long –> renal problems, toxicity
How does the location of the organ affect the administration of the antibiotic?
More hard it is for the antibiotics to reach the target organ, the more the dosage will be
Streptococcal species classicification features:
Nutritional fastidious -> needs agar supplemented with blood
Beta haemolysis (behaviour on agar)
GAS (strep pyogenes)
GBS (neonatal meningitis)
Which streps have a=lancefield antigens?
Strep pyogenes (Strep A and Strep.
Strep B
agalactiae
Which strep on suspicion after IE should be followed up with a colonoscopy for the risk of having adenocarcinoma of the colon?
Strep gallollyticus (Strep. bovis old)
Strep. pneumonia meningitis/ pneumonia should not be treated with penicillin when?
IF the person has travelled to countries with pneumococcal resistance: Canada, Pakistan, Mexico, Greece, China, Poland, Italy, Turkey, China, Polan, Italy, turkey, Croatia, Spain, USA
Which penicillin is not sensitive to Staph. aureus?
Penicillin G/ Benzypenicillin/ IV penicillin
Where do the enterococci live?
Gut - perforation, gall bladder diseases, endocarditis
Which is the most common enterococcus?
E. faecalis
What is used to treat E. faecalis (enterococcus)?
Amoxicillin (teicoplanin resistance)
Which antibiotic is used if the patient has a reistsance to Amoxicillin in Enteroccus infection?
Vancomycin
How do labs check for antibiotic sensitive?
if there is a bigger circle, then better sensitivitiy
