Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology > Gram negatives (non-Enterobacteriaceae) > Flashcards

Gram negatives (non-Enterobacteriaceae) Flashcards

1
Q

Bordetella - morphology + metabolism + pathogenic spp.

A

Gram - rods
Obligate aerobes

B. bronchiseptica = canine infectious tracheobronchitis/atrophic rhinitis (po)
B. avium = contagious rhinotracheitis (turkey coryza)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis - VFs (5)

A 
Adhesion proteins (haemagglutinin, peractin, fimbriae) = cilial attachment
Fe-binding proteins = multiplication in tissues
Tracheal cytotoxin = impairs cilia
LPS = inflammatory response
Adenylate cyclase = inhibits phag
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis - host factors (2)

A

Coinfection w respiratory viruses (parainfluenza, CAD2)/Mycoplasma

Prior ciliary damage facilitates adhesion (viruses, ↑ gas env)

Inf predisposes to further infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Canine infectious tracheobronchitis - agent + + source of inf + pathogenesis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Inf via aerosol inhalation (from other dogs)
> attach to tracheal cilia w adhesion proteins
> Multiply locally (Fe-scavenging from host)
> inflamm response + impaired ciliary function + impaired phagocytosis
> exudate accumulates = predispose to secondary inf
> cough
> recovery ± persistent shedding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Atrophic rhinitis (pigs) - agent + pathogenesis

A

Bordetella bronchiseptica

Pathogenesis as for canine infectious tracheobronchitis
+ dermonecrotic toxin = damages osteoblasts > impaired osteogenesis > nasal turbinate atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Actinobacillus spp./disease (5) + morphology + habitat

A

A. lignieresii = wooden tongue in cows
A. equuli = sleepy foal disease
A. seminis = epididymitis in rams
A. suis = acute septiceamia in pig neonates
A. pleuropneumoniae = fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs

Gram - coccobacilli/rods
Commensals of alimentary T/RT/UGT (TF opportunistic pathogens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Wooden tongue - pathogenesis in cows

A

Commensal of buccal mucosa
> oral abrasions (rough feed) allows entry
> invasion of submucosa
> chronic pyogranulomatous lesions w CT proliferation + S granules (club colonies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Wooden tongue - dx (cows)

A

Demonstration of club colonies (small grey-white granules) = protective, facilitate survival

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A. lignieresii in sheep - dz characteristics

A

Suppurate lesions in subQ areas of head/neck/nasal cavities

> extend to cranial/cervical LNs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Sleepy foal dz - agent + dz manifestation

A

Actinobacillus equuli

Acute septicaemia in foals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Joint ill - agent + dz manifestation

A

Actinobacillus equuli

Purulent nephritis/arthritis = multiple small abscesses in renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Joint ill - agent + dx

A

A. equuli

Culture of joint aspirate/renal sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Epididymitis in rams - agents (2)

A 
Actinobacillus seminis (commensal of lower UGT > ascending UTI)
Brucella ovis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Acute septicaemia in pigs - agent + host

A

Actinobacillus suis

1-8wk old pigs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs - agent + habitat

A

Actinoacillus pleuropneumoniae

- only Actinobacillus spp. not commensal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs - source of infection + route of transmission

A

Source = other infected pigs (carriers/dz’d)

Route = inhalation of infectious aerosols

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Fibrinohaemorrhagic pneumonia in pigs - pathogensis

A

Inhalation of infectious aerosol
> adhere to alveolar epithelium (fimbriae)
> multiply in lung (Fe-scavenging)
> Inflamm response to LPS
> avoids phagocytosis (capsule)
> leucocidal cytotoxins (RTX) destroy WBCs
> fibrinohaemorrhagic vasculitis (LPS) + pulmonary necrosis (thrombosis) + sequestration/abscessation
> death, survival > carrier state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia - environmental factors (5)

A

Geographical serovar distribution
Pigs affected w waning maternal Ab (3mo)
Close contact + comingling age groups = ↑ transmission
Stress (poor ventilation/cold T) important
Herd immunity important (↓ dz severity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia - immunity

A

Anti-Apx toxin Ab (cytotoxins) is protective
Herd immunity/colostral immunity important

Carrier state after recovery = reservoir of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pasteurella multocida - associated dz’s + hosts

A

Haemorrhagic septicaemia in cattle
Acute fowl cholera (birds)
Bronchopneumonia
Atrophic rhinitis (w B. bronchiseptica) in pigs
Opportunistic infections (incl bite wounds)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Pasteurella multocida - immunity

A

Capsular Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Pasteurella morphology

A

Gram - rod

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pasteurella - source of infection

A

Carrier/clinically affected animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic septiceamia in cattle - agent + source of infection + host factors (1)

A

P. multocida
Reservoir = carrier cattle (in nasopharyngeal region)
Dz precipitated by stress (transport)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Epizootic haemorrhagic septicaemia - pathogenesis

A

Inhalation of aerosols/contact w URT secretions
> adhere to pharyngeal mucosa (fimbriae)
> resists phagocytosis (capsule)
> rapid multiplication/invasion of blood
> septicaemia + LPS causing haemorrhage/DIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Shipping fever complex in cattle - agent + dz characteristics

A

Mannheima haemolytica

- Fibrinous pleuropneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pasteurella trehalosi - dz + host

A

Septicaemia in feeder lambs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Bovine shipping fever complex - pathogensis

A

Mannheima haemolytica = commensal of nasal/oral epithelium
> Stress (transport, crowding etc.)
> colonisation of LRT + multiplication
> Inflamm response (LPS/capsule)
> Impaired WBC function (RTX leukotoxin)
> WBC destruction = accum of inflamm exudate/fibrin/cells
> acute fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumona + pleurisy
> secondary infection follows

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Moraxella - morphology, metabolism, habitiat, disease

A

Gram neg rods
Obligate aerobes
Obligate parasites of mucous membranes

M. bovis = infectious bovine keratooconjunctivitis (IBK, pinkeye)

30
Q

Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) - agent + source of infection

A

Moraxella bovis

Source = other infected animals (↑ contagious)

31
Q

IBK - VFs (2)

A 
Pili = adhesion to ocular epithelial cells
Haemolysin = establishment + invasion
32
Q

IBK - agent + pathogenesis

A

Moraxella bovis
> inf via contact w conjunctival/nasopharyngeal secretions
> adheres to cornea (pili)
> invades conjunctiva + cornea (haemolysin)
> multiplies locally = inflamm + ulceration
> inflamm response (neut’s) = lysosomal enzymes = further necrosis
> shed in conjunctival discharge
> healing (2-6wks)

33
Q

IBK - environmental factors (2)

A

↑ prev in warm months = UV/flies/dust causes dmg to cornea

Intercurrent viral infection common

34
Q

IBK - clin signs (3)

A

Photophobia
Conjunctivitis w corneal oedema/haziness
Corneal ulceration

35
Q

IBK - immunity (4)

A

Bos indicus less susceptible (hooded eyelids)
Young (<3yo) > old = lack of acquired immunity
Recovery = resistance
Local + systemic Ab + CMI important

36
Q

Haemophilus - morphology + habitat + source of infection

A

Gram neg coccobacilli
Obligate parasites of RT/UGT
Endogenous/exogenous origin

37
Q

Infectious coryza - agent + habitat + host + origin of infection

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum (chickens)

  • obligate parasite of mucous membranes
  • Infection via chronic/healthy carriers
38
Q

Infectious coryza - pathogenesis

A

Avibacterium paragallinarum

Inhalation of infectious aerosols
> adhesion to nasal sinus mucosa of naive bird
> acute rhinitis/sinusitis = sloughing, necrosis, oedema, inflamm
> facial swelling + discharge (shedding)
> recovery or chronic dz

39
Q

Glasser’s disease (serofibrinous serositis) - agent + habitat

A

Haemophilus parasuis

Commensal of nasopharyngeal mucosa

40
Q

Glasser’s disease (serofibrinous serositis) - pathogenesis

A

Susceptible pig
> invasion of nasopharyngeal mucosa (stress)
> bacteraemia
> Sepsis or localisation in serosal cavities = serofibrinous serositis
> chronic polyserositis or recovery

41
Q

Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis - agent

A

Histophilus somnus

42
Q

Thromboembolic meningoencephalitis - pathogenesis

A 
Agent on UGT/URT mucosa 
>  stress in feedlots
> invasion + bacteraemia
> localisation in meninges/brain 
> adheres to/dmg's ECs = platelet aggregation
> thrombosis + death
43
Q

Contagious equine metritis - agent + source

A

Taylorella equigenitalis

- obligate parasite of equine reproductive tract > STI

44
Q

Contagious equine metritis - pathogenesis

A 
Infected stallion (asymptomatic carrier in distal urethra) + susceptible mare
> endometritis/cervicitis/vaginitis
> mucupurulent discharge
>  local + systemic immuni response
> recovery w carrier status 
> infection of susceptible stallions
45
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - morphology + habitat

A

Gram neg rod
Aerobic
Soil/water + commensal of skin/mucous membranes

46
Q

Canine otitis externa + other inf’s - agent + source

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Opportunistic pathogen following break in epithelial integrity

Also cystitis, endometritis, fleece rot, wound infections, mastitis

47
Q

Pseudomoniosis - tx (4)

A

Polymixin
Gentamicin
Fluoroquinolones
3rd gen cephalosporins

48
Q

Pseudomoniosis - VFs (4)

A 
Pili = attachment to dmg'd epithelium
Siderophores = Fe-scavenging
Endotoxin (LPS)/exotoxins = systemic toxicity
Mucoid capsule = antiphagocytic
Slime layer = antiphagocytic
49
Q

Burkholderia spp. + habitats

A

B. mallei = obligate parasite > glanders (eq.)

B. pseudomallei = environmental > meliodosis

50
Q

Glanders - agent + manifestation + route

A

Burkholderia mallei

  • Caseous nodules in lungs/URT/skin
  • inf via inhalation/abrasion
51
Q

Melioidosis - agent + manifestation + route

A

Burkholderia pseudomallei

  • Septicaemia/pyogenic infection w abscesses in RT/CNS/viscera/LNs
  • inf via ingestion, inhalation, wound contam w soil/mud/water
52
Q

Brucella - morphology + habitat + spp./dz (5)

A

Gram neg rod
Obligate facultatively intracellular (RES) parasites

B. abortus = bovine abortion/orchitis
B. melitensis = ovine abortion/orchitis
B. suis = porcine abortion/orchitis
B. ovis = ovine epididymitis 
B. canis = canine abortion/orchitis
53
Q

B. abortus - VFs (2)

A

Infectious + invasive
Chemotactic factors for PMNs/monocytes
- intracellular survival via inh phag-lys fusion

54
Q

B. abortus - host factors (4)

A

Intracellular in MP = chronic granulomatous rxn
Predilection for repro tract > abortions ≥ 6mo
Mature/preg cattle > young cattle
Hypersensitivity important

55
Q

B. abortus - pathoenesis

A

Ingestion of material contam’d w vaginal discharge/aborted placenta/foetus
> penetrates intact mucous membranes
> spread via lymphatics (free/intracellular)
> regional LNs = lymphadenitis
> bacteraemia
> localisation in UGT dt growth stim factors (erythritol)
> gravid uterus (abortion) or testis/sex glands (infertility)

56
Q

B. abortus - control (4)

A

Attenuated vaccine
Screening of milk from dairy herds
Detection of infected beef herds by serology
ID/removal of infected cattle

57
Q

Undulant fever

A

Brucella zoonosis

  • acute flu-like dz w recurrent sequelae
  • hypersensitivity
58
Q

Campylobacter spp. - morphology + metabolic requirements + habitat

A

Gram - curved rods
Microaerophilic growth
Mucosa of GIT/UBT

59
Q

Campylobacter enteritis - agent + VFs (4)

A

Campylobacter jejuni

Adhesin = attachment to GIT mucosa
Motile (flagella)
Microaerophilic + T(opt) = 42 deg
Enterotoxin

60
Q

Campy enteritis - pathogenesis

A

Faeco-oral infection (crowding, ↓ hygiene)
> adhere to ileal/LI mucosa (pili)
> localise in glandular crypts
> invade GI epithelial cells (T3SS)
> mild febrile enteritis
> bacteraemia
> Abortion, Guillian-Barre, recovery w shedding

61
Q

Campy enteritis - immunity (1)

A

Local IgA prod’n important

62
Q

Proliferative enteritis complex in pigs - agnet + location + PM signs

A

Lawsonia intracellularis

  • Intracellular at apical tip of enterocytes
  • Thickened mucosa + focal haemorrhage
63
Q

Bovine campylobacteriosis/vibriosis - agent + disease manifestation

A

Campylobacter fetus venerealis

- Endometritis > temporary infertility + abortions

64
Q

Bovine vibriosis - VFs (2)

A

Obligate parasite of bovine repro tract

Surface array proteins = antiphagocytic + Ag-varying

65
Q

Bovine vibriosis - host factors (3) + route + source

A

Carrier status = old bulls (deep preputial crypts) + cows (poor vaginal clearance - IgA)
Immunity develops 6-12w post-inf
- Herd immunity important
Beef > dairy (natural mating)

Route = STI
Source = carrier animals
66
Q

Bovine vibriosis - pathogenesis

A

STI (from infected carrier bulls)
> inf of vagina/cervix/uterus
> endometritis
> sporadic abortions, infertility or immunity dev’s (IgA in vagina/cervix + IgG in uterus)

67
Q

Bovine vibriosis - immunity (4)

A

Ab-mediated immobilisation/opsonisation > phagocytosis

  • Uterus (IgG1) = immob + opson > agent cleared
  • Vagina/cervix (IgA) = immob only > blocks opsonisation > agent persists (carrier cows)

Vax available

68
Q

Abortions in sheep (epizootic) + cattle (sporadic) - agent + habitat

A

Campylobacter fetus fetus

Occurs in intestine/gall bladder

69
Q

C. fetus fetus - outcomes of infection of non-pregnant vs pregnant (stage?) animals

A

Non-pregnant > sub-clinical disease

Pregnant (3rd trimester) > abortion/perinatal mortality

70
Q

C. fetus fetus in ewes - pathogenesis

A 
Faeco-oral route = inf by ingestion
> intermittent bacteraemia
> localisation in placenta (if 3rd trimester)
> vascular/necrotic changes to placenta
> abortion/perinatal mortality
71
Q

C. fetus fetus - immunity

A

Ab-mediated immunity

72
Q

C. fetus fetus - environmental factors

A

Faecal contam of feed/water

Aborted material = high infectious exposure > abortion storms

DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions