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DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology > Enterobacteriaceae > Flashcards

Enterobacteriaceae Flashcards

1
Q

Enterobacteriaceae - members (8), morphology, metabolic requirements & habitat

A

Escherichia, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Proteus, Yersinia

Gram - rods
Facultative anaerobes
Saprophytes or commensal of GIT/UGT

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2
Q

Colibacillosis - agent + VFs (4)

A

Escherichia coli

O Ag = LPS sugars
K Ag = capsule
H Ag = flagella
F Ag = fimbria (attachment proteins)

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3
Q

Colibacillosis - clinical manifestations

A

Enteritis = ETEC > EPEC/EHEC > EIEC/EAEC
- diarrhoea ± enterotoxaemia, oedema disease, bacteraemia

Extra-intestinal E. coli:

  • Mastitis (cows)
  • Pyometra (dogs)
  • Respiratory colibacillosis (birds)
  • Septicaemia
  • UTIs
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4
Q

Enteritis via ETEC - VFs (2)

A

Fimbriae K88/K99 etc. = attachment to cilia

Enterotoxins = heat labile (LT)/heat stable (ST)

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5
Q

ETEC enteritis - pathogenesis

A

Agent ingested (by young esp)
> attach to cilial receptors via fimbriae
> enterotoxin =↑ adenylate cyclase in epithelial cells = ↑ cAMP
> Dysreg of ion pump
> Electrolyte loss into GI lumen
> secretory diarrhoea
> dehydration/death

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6
Q

ETEC enteritis - host factors (2)

A

Receptor prevalence ∝ sp. + age

  • Po = K88/P987
  • Rum = K99/F41
  • ↓ receptor prevalence w age

Anti-fimbriae Ab is protective (colostrum/milk)

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7
Q

ETEC enteritis - mgt factors (2)

A

Intensive conditions = ↑ environmental contam

↓ body T = ↓ gut motility

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8
Q

ETEC enteritis - immunity, tx, dx

A

Fimbrial vax (po/bo)

Supportive therapy only - don’t use antimicrobials

isolate agent + show toxin elaboration potential

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9
Q

EPEC/EHEC enteritis - pathogenesis

A

Agent ingestion (poorly cooked meat)
> attachment via pilus
> type III secretion system delivers Tir into epithelial cell membranes = actin reorganisation = shape change + attachment
> EHEC secretes shiga-like toxin (↑ vasc perm) = epithelial dmg + enterotoxaemia
> haemolytic-uraemic syndrome

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10
Q

EIEC enteritis - pathogenesis

A

Enteroinvasive E. coli

Agent ingested
> invades GI epithelial cells + replicates
> cell lysis = colonic ulceration

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11
Q

EAEC enteritis - pathogenesis

A

Enteraggregative E. coli

Agent ingested
> attachment via fimbriae + aggretation on epithelial surface
> enterotoxin + Fe-binding gene elaborated

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12
Q

Oedema disease - agent + pathogenesis

A

E. coli (VTEC)

Ingestion + colonisation of intestine
> oedema disease toxin into circ
> ↑ vasc perm of small aa. (GI/subQ/brain)
> oedema
> death w neuro signs
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13
Q

Oedema disease - VFs (2)

A

Toxin-EDP = disrupts cellular protein synthesis

Specific fimbriae/adhesins

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14
Q

Oedema disease - host factors (2)

A

Weanling pigs w loss of lactogenic immunity

Assoc w rapid growth, change in diet, mild diarrhoea

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15
Q

Gram negative mastitis - agent + origin

A

E. coli

Environmental organism

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16
Q

Gram neg mastitis - mgt factors (3)

A

Poor milking hygiene
Vacuum fluctuations
Poor intramammary prep admin at drying off

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17
Q

Respiratory disease in birds - agent + VFs(3)

A

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)

Adhesins = colonise RT
Fe-scavenging systems
Complement resistance

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18
Q

Respiratory disease of birds - route of inf + pathogenesis

A 
Inhalation of faecally-contam dust
> adhere to RT via adhesins
> airsacculitis + bacteraemia
> GI/liver/lung granulomas
> sudden death
19
Q

Respiratory disease of birds - host factors (2)

A

Broilers > layers

Prior RT dmg (immunosuppressive viruses, ↑ [NH3], variable T) may impair MCC

20
Q

E. coli UTI/pyometra - origin/host sp + type of infection

A

Commensal of lower UGT in dogs/cats

> Ascending UTI of endogenous org’s

21
Q

E. coli UTI/pyometra - predisposing factors (7)

A 
Relaxed host defences/immunosuppression
Δ urine composition (DM)
Abnormal micturition (bladder atony)
Oliguric renal failure
P4 stimulation of endometrium/myometrium
Calculi (reservoir/result of infection)
F > M dt short/wide urethra + proximity to anus
22
Q

E. coli UTI/pyometra - VFs (3)

A

Receptor-specific fimbriae/pili = adhesion
Haemolysin
Cytotoxic necrotising factor

23
Q

Bacteraemia/sepsis dt E. coli - predisposing factors + route of infection/pathogenesis

A

Neonates (esp w FPT/poor hygiene)

Entry via umbilicus > multiplication in lymph/blood > endotoxaemia + localisation

24
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae - habitat, diseases caused (3)

A

Commmensal of intestine (survives in moist environment e.g. wood shavings as bedding)

Opportunistic pathogen
- cystitis (ca), mastitis (bo), metritis/endometritis (eq.)

Predisposition via heavy AM use

25
Q

Lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae

A 
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter
Serratia
Citrobacter
26
Q

Non-lactose fermenting Enterobacteriaceae

A

Salmonella
Proteus mirabilis/P. vulgaris
Shigella
Yersinia pestis/Y. pseudotuberculosis/Y. enterocolitica/Y. yuckeri

27
Q

Salmonellosis - disease manifestations (3)

A

Enteritis
Septicaemia > pneumonia/meningitis/polyarthritis
Abortion

28
Q

Salmonellosis - transmission (mammals + birds)

A

Inapparent carries w intermittent/long-lasting shedding (induced by stress)

Birds (S. gallinarum/pullorum) = transovarial

29
Q

Enteric salmonellosis - serovar + pathogenesis

A

S. typhimurium

Faecal contamination > inf by ingestion (dose-dependent)
> colonise/invade GI epithelium
> intracellular multiplication + cell-cell spread
> Inflamm response (PG = hypersecretion + ↑ vasc perm TF fluid exsorption)
> Ileitis/colitis
> spread to mesenteric LNs
> bacteraemia/septicaemia w endotoxaemia
> hypovolaemia shock, fever, coagulopathies, hypoglycaemia, death
> localisation to cause abortion, meningitis etc.

30
Q

Salmonellosis - VFs (4 + 5)

A

Multifactorial (> 80 genes for survival, chemotaxis etc.)
LPS (endotoxin) = pyrogen, shock
Adhesins (flagella - non-motile)
Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI)
- SPI-1 = type III secretion for invasion of GI epithlium
- SPI-2 = type III secretion for survival
- SPI-3/4 = survival in MP
- SPI-5 = intestinal phase

31
Q

Salmonellosis - host factors (2)

A

Carrier state = persistent active/intermittent latent excretion induced by stress

Stress > ↑ susceptibility to inf

32
Q

Salmonellosis - mgt factos (3)

A

↑ stocking density = ↑ env contam + stress
Nosocomial inf common
Faecal contam of food/water = ↑ ingested dose

33
Q

Salmonellosis - immunity + vax type

A

CMI + humoral

Live attenuated vax

34
Q

Salmonellosis - tx

A

Multiple drug resistance is common (chloramphenicol)

AM tx of intestinal cases > enhanced dz

35
Q

Salmonellosis - dx (2)

A

Selective enrichment from faecal samples

Serology (agglutination)

36
Q

Pathogenic Proteus spp. (2)

Diseases caused by Proteus (2)

A

Proteus mirabilis > P. vulgaris

Opportunistic UTI/cystitis in small animals
Diarrhoea in pups/kittens

37
Q

Pathogenic Yersinia spp. + disease caused (4)

A

Y. pestis - bubonic plague (human)
Y. pseudotuberculosis - systemic dz or enteritis (rum.)
Y. enterocolitica = enteritis (humans/rum)
Y. yuckeri = enteric redmouth (fish)

38
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis - route of infection + pathogenesis

A 
Ingestion of agent
> adhesion/invasion of GI epithelium
> mesenteric LNs
> MP attracted but killed by Yop effectors (t3SS)
> LN abscessation
> liver/spleen inf then abscessation
> bacteraemia, death
39
Q

Yersinia pestis - reservoir + route of inf + pathogenesis

A

Reservoir in rats
> Infection by flea bites = direct inoculation into tissue (TF no GI phase)
> LNitis (buboes) + lung abscesses (prone to rupture > transmission by aerosols)

40
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis VFs (4)

A

Adhesins = colonisation of GI
T3SS = delivers Yop effectors into MP
- Secretion induced by shift to 37 deg C/contact w host cells

41
Q

Yersinia pestis VFs (2 plasmids)

A 
Bacteriocin//plasminogen activator = ↑ invasiveness
Murine toxin (exotoxin)/capsular Ag
42
Q

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis - epidemiology

A

Wild bird/rodent reservoir

Diarrhoea in 1-2yo sheep/calves in winter-spring

43
Q

Yersinia tx

A

Tetracycline

may induced reactivated excretion

DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology (9 decks)

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