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DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology > Fungi - opportunistic + systemic mycoses > Flashcards

Fungi - opportunistic + systemic mycoses Flashcards

1
Q

Opportunistic mycoses - normal habitat + predisposing factors + lesion characteristics

A

Saprophytes or commensals

Invasive w compromised host defences

Localised + granulomatous lesions

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2
Q

Aspergillosis - spp (4) + route of infection

A

A. fumigatus
A. flavus
A. niger
A. terreus

Inhalation of conidia

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3
Q

Aspergillosis - disease host + characteristics

A

Respiratory disease in birds

Caseating tubercles w hyphae

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4
Q

Thrush - agent + habitat + susceptible hosts

A

Candida albidans
Commensal of skin/mucous membranes

Young animals, pregnant, corticosteroid admin, immunocompromise, endocrinopathies etc.

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5
Q

Thrush - tx

A

Oral nystatin
Fluconazole for UTIs
CuSO4 in water (birds)

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6
Q

Enzootic lymphangitis in horses - agent

A

Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum

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7
Q

Enzootic lymphangitis in horses - route + pathogenesis

A

Entry via wound (legs)
> spread through lymphatics
> chronic ulcerative lesions
> necrotic/pyogenic/granulomatous rxn

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8
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - source + route of infection

A

Environmental fungus
Inhalation/wound infection/teat canal

No transmission b/w animals

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9
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - VFs (1_

A

Capsule - inhibits phagocytosis + activates complement + inh leukotaxis + adsorbs opsonins + depresses Ab synthesis

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10
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans - Host facts (1)

A

CMI deficit important

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11
Q

Chronic ulcerative lymphangitis - agent + habitat

A

Sporothrix schenckii

Dead plant material

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12
Q

Rhinosporidium seeberi - dz + host

A

chronic nasal/ocular infections

Horses, cattle, humans

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13
Q

Pythium insidiosum - dz + host + normal habitat

A

Chronic ulcerative lesions on lower limbs/abdomen w yellow kunkers

Horses (nth Aus)

Saprophytic in water-logged pastures

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14
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

A

Opportunistic pathogen in lungs of immunocompromised dogs

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15
Q

Mycotic abortion - agents (5)

A 
Mortierella
Aspergillus
Candida tropicalis
Caphalosporium
Mucor pusillus
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16
Q

Mycotic abortion - pathogenesis

A 
Inhalation/ingestion of spores
> haematogenous spread
> localisation in placenta 
>placental infarction
> abortion
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17
Q

Mycotic mastitis - agents (3)

A

Cryptococcus
Candida
Trichosporon

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18
Q

Mycotic mastitis - pathogenesis

A

Entry via intramammary infusions/milking
> C. neoformans = permanent agalactia
> other fungi = recovery

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19
Q

Mycotic mastitis - tx

A

Don’t treat as antifungals damage gland

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20
Q

Mycotic rumenitis/gastritis - Agents (5)

A 
Absidia
Aspergillus
Candida
Mucor
Rhizopus
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21
Q

Mycotic rumenitis - apthogenesis

A

AM therapy/lactic acidosis
> disruption of normal flora
> infarction of mucosa

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22
Q

Mycotic rumenitis - tx

A

Ineffective

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23
Q

Mycotic keratitis - spp. (5)

A 
Aspergillus
Candida
Drechslera
Fusarium
Penicillum
24
Q

Mycotic keratitis - pathogenesis

A

Corneal injury/secondary infection

25
Q

Guttural pouch mycosis -agents (2)

A

Aspergillus

Mucor

26
Q

Guttural pouch mycosis - pathogenesis

A

Unilateral infection

> extension to internal carotid a. + adjacent nerves

27
Q

Guttural pouch mycosis - tx

A

ligation of internal carotid a.

28
Q

Mycotic mycetoma - agents (6) + habitat

A 
Cladosporium
Curvularia
Fonsecaea
Helminthosporium
Petriellidium
Phialophora

saprophytes - soil + decaying plant matter

29
Q

Mycotic mycetoma - route + location of lesions

A

Entry via skin wounds on lower limbs

30
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis - agnets (3)

A

Dreschslera
Cladosporium
Curvularia

31
Q

Phaeohyphomycosis - lesions

A

Chronic nodular/ulcerating lesions on lower limbs

32
Q

Prototheca - lesions

A 
Disseminated dz 
> haemorrhagic diarrhoea
> CNS/eye involvement
> cutaneous cases 
> mastitis
33
Q

Prototheca - tx

A

Amphotericin B

34
Q

Dermatophytes - genera (2) + habitat types (3)

A

Microsporum
Trichophyton
Nannizzia

Geophilic (soil)
Zoophilic (animals)
Anthropophilic (humans)

35
Q

Ringworm - agents + route of transmission

A

Dermatophytes (Microsporum/trichopyton/Nannizzia)

Spread by exposure to contam’d soil/other infected animals

36
Q

Dermatophytes - growth requirements (3)

A

Dependent on keratin
High humidity/T facilitate growth
Conidia survive in moist environments

37
Q

Ringworm - pathogenesis

A

Conidia enter by skin abrasion
> germinate + hyphae grow in stratum corneum
> hyphae invade hair follicles + penetrate hair cortex
> hair breaks + falls out
> hyperkeratosis + centrifugal spread = ring lesions

38
Q

Ringworm - immunity

A

CMI important
Delayed hypersensitivity rxn to Ag (keratinase/glycoprotein)
Resistance to reinfection = local or general

39
Q

Ringworm - dx

A

Skin scraping to ID hyphae/arthroconidia

Culture on Sabouraud’s agar

40
Q

Ringworm - tx (5)

A

UV light
Topical iodine/lime-sulfur
Topical imidazoles
Oral griseofulvin

Environmental disinfection w L-S/formaldehyde

41
Q

Ringworm - host factors (1)

A

Young > old

42
Q

Dermatophyte spp + habitat + natural host (9)

A 
M. canis - zoophilic - cat
N. gypseum - geophilic - dog
N. nana - geophilic - pigs
M distortum - zoophilic - primates
M. audouini - anthropophilic
M. gallinae - zoophilic - chickens
T. verrucosum - zoophilic - cattle 
T. equinium - zoophilic - horses
T. mentagrophytes - zoophilic - variable
43
Q

Systemic mycoses - pathogenesis

A

Infection of lungs by environmental exposure
> systemic invasion
> chronic progressive granulomatous lesions

44
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis - habitat + route of infection

A

Soil saprophyte

> inhalation of conidia (cool/wet months)

45
Q

Blastomyces dermatitidis - affected spp.

A

Dogs + horses

Cats resistant

46
Q

Coccidioides immitis - pathogenesis

A

Inhalation of conidia (low infective dose)
> URT infection involving mediastinal/bronchial LNs
> recovery then immunity

47
Q

Coccidioides immitis - host factors

A

Females resistant

Pigmented skin facilitates dissemination

48
Q

Histoplasma capsulatum - pathogenesis

A 
Inhaled conidia (faecally-enriched soil)
> phagocytosed by MP + disseminated intracellularly
> lungs, GI, kidney, CNS, bone marrow, skin
49
Q

Systemic mycoses - tx (3)

A

Polyene AM (amphotericin B, nystatin)
Imidazoles
NaI

50
Q

Fusarium graminearum - mycotoxin + habitat + dz

A

Zearalenone on maize (stored wet/hot then period at low T)

> genital hypertrophy in pigs (vulval/preputial swelling)

51
Q

Perennial ryegrass staggers - agent + toxin + signs

A

Neotyphodiuml lolii (fungus)

  • Alkaloids (toxin)
  • Lolium perenne (pasture)

Muscle spasms, incoordination

52
Q

Aspergillus flavus - toxin + habitat

A

Aflatoxins = inhibit RNA/protein synthesis

- on most solid foods (if stored warm/wet)

53
Q

Ergotism - agents (2) + toxin + habitat + signs

A

Claviceps purpurea - rye/grain
Claviceps paspali - Paspalum crop

Toxin = ergotamine (LSA derivative)
> CNS stim then depression
> Adrenergic stim = vasoconstrction + thrombosis/ischaemia + gangrene

54
Q

Phomopsis leptostromiformis

A

Saprophyte of green plants (winter)/dying plants (summer)

55
Q

Facial eczema in ruminants - toxin

A

Sporidesmin
> hepatocellular dmg + cholangitis
> obstructive jaundice
> failure to excrete phylloerythrin = UV active = photosensitisation

56
Q

Black soil blindness in cattle - what plant + fungus + signs

A

Mitchell grass (Astrebla)
Carallocytostroma spp.
> high rainfall seasons

> blindness + death

57
Q

Cyanobacteria - growth conditions + pathogenesis

A

Stagnant water bodies in drought > eutrophication (↑ P/N/CO2) > algal growth + concentration on surface > ingestion > hepatocellular dmg

DVM2: Veterinary bacteriology/mycology (9 decks)

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