GRAM-NEGATIVE FASTIDIOUS COCCOBACILLI Flashcards
Blood-loving
Normal inhabitant of URT and oral cavity EXCEPT
Nucreii
Non-motile and Non-spore former
Haemophilus
Haemophilus requires these factors for growth
X factor
V factor
heat stable; heminia/ hemin
X factor
heat labile; coenzyme 1 (NAD); supplied by yeast or potato and also STAMP organisms (staphylococci, pneumococci or gonococci)
V factor
Haemophilus
- ferments ___
- Oxidase and Catalase __
- Preferred incubation:
- Requires ___
CHO
(+)
35-37 degC
CO2
This grows if there is V factor in Haemophilus
Satellite Phenomenon
In Haemophilus, Once specimen is received it should be plated within 20 MINUTES; DO grow in McConkey
10 MINUTES
DO NOT grow in McConkey
- Major cause of Acute epiglottis
- 2nd cause of otitis media
- 3rd cause of meningitis in infants (HIB Haemophilus influenzae type B)
Haemophilus influenzae
- Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
- Coccobacilli, encapsulated or small rods
- Common Name: Pfeiffer’s bacillus or Bacillus
influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae
- ____ & beta lactamase
- MOT:
- CAP:
encapsulated; (+)
droplets
Dew drop colonies
Haemophilus influenzae
- Odor:
- Virulence factors:
Mousy odor but in reality it’s not that bad
Capsulated
Haemophilus influenzae diseases
otitis media, acute epiglottitis, laryngitis, fatal meningitis
Haemophilus influenzae 2 categories
- Typeable
- Non-typeable
capsule based (hib-serotype for meningitis in children)
Quellung test
Typeable
normal flora in the upper respirator
Non-typeable
X factor dependent test in H. influenzae
Porphyrin Test
Culture of H. influenzae (3)
CAP
Fides Enriched media
Levinthal, BAP
- Rarely associated with endocarditis and pneumonia
- Normal flora of the oral cavity: found in dental plaque
H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus
- Closely resemble the H. influenzae type 3
- Common Name: Koch-Week’s bacillus
- Long slender rods
- Pink Eye
- Brazilian Purpuric fever (Children)
H. aegypticus
- Normal flora of mouth and nasopharynx
- Mannose fermentation
H. parainfluenzae
- Mistaken from S. pyogenes
- Beta hemolysis in BAP
H. haemolyticus
- Sexually transmitted disease
- Coccobacilli in rows
- Soft chancre
- Painful ulcers in genitalia
H. ducreyi
H. ducreyi
- ideal specimen:
- Microscopic appearance:
- Incubation period:
lymph node aspirates/ exudates
school of red fish, railroad appearance, fingerprint appearance
7 days
Lactose fermenter
Opportunistic pathogen
HACEK
HACEK
- Catalase (-) EXCEPT
- Indole (-) EXCEPT
- Glucose fermenters EXCEPT
A. actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens
HACEK
- ___ motile
- ___
- Preferred medium:
Non
capnophilis
CAP
- Do not require X and V factor
- Foam-loving bacteria
- Oxidase (-)
- Subacute endocarditis
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (H. aphrophilus)
- Destructive/ Juvenile periodontitis
- Normal flora of human oral cavity
- Dots & Dashes Morse Code
- Starlight appearance
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
T/F
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is formerly known as Actinobacillus
TRUE
- Pleomorphic, rosette formation
- Teardrop appearance
- Infect aortic valves
- Indole (+)
Cardiobacterium hominis
Part of gingival and bowel flora
Clenched-fist wounds
Eikenella corrodens (corroding bacilli)
Eikenella corrodens (corroding bacilli)
- Odor:
- MOT:
- Oxidase ___
- BAP:
bleach-like
Hematogenous spread from repeated trauma to tongue piercing and ascending vaginal infection
(+)
pitting of agar
- BAP: “pitting of agar”
- Short, plump coccobacilli with square ends
- Subacute bacterial endocarditis
Kingella kingae
Kingella kingae
- Oxidase __
- Motility:
(-)
twitching
- Beta hemolysis
- Tiny fastidious rod, gram variable
- Non-Motile, Non-Encapsulated
- Neonatal sepsis, postpartum bacteremia
Gardnerella vaginalis
positive for G. vaginalis; vaginal epithelial spills covered with bacteria (epithelial cells are filled with gram neg rods)
Clue cells
diagnosis for bacterial vaginosis (scoring of consistent 7-10)
Nugent Scoring
discharge + 10% KOH = fishy or foul-smelling (POSITIVE for G. vaginalis)
Whiff or Sniff test
Cytology used for G. vaginalis
PAP’s smear
Culture for selective medium used for G. vaginalis
colistin - oxolinic acid blood agar
Culture for specific medium used for G. vaginalis
V agar
Negligence of G. vaginalis may result to
pelvic inflammatory disease or worse barren or female sterility and in pregnancy results to ectopic pregnancy (pagkabaog)
Normal flora of Animal
Coccobacilli to long filamentous rods
Safety pin
MOST COMMON type of infection: Wound infection
Pasteurella
Pasteurella
- MOT:
- MOST COMMON type of infection:
- _____ anaerobe, ____ Motile
- Oxidase & Catalase
Animal bites
Wound infection
Facultative; non
(+)
Pasteurellosis
- ___ motile
- Stain:
- Smell:
- ONPG and Urease
non
bipolar
mushroom
(-)
Pasteurellosis
Most important human pathogen
Agent of shipping fever in cattles (haemoragic
septicemia)
P. multocida
Coccobacilli, obligate aerobe
Bordetella
Bordetella
- NM except
- Oxidase (+) except
- Urease (+) except
B. bronchiseptica
B. parapertussis
B. pertussis
Bordetella Growth factors: CMN
- Cysteine
- Methionine
- Nicotinic Acid
Bordetella
Virulence factors
pertussis toxin, fimbriae, trachedal cytotoxin, adenylate cyclase
Bordetella gram stain:
0.2% basic fuchsin as counter stain to enhance the vidsibility or sometimes safranin (seconds but in bordetella 2 mins)
Bordet Gengou bacillus
Minute coccobacill
Strictly aerobic, encapsulated
B. pertussis
B. pertussis
- Requires ___ & ___ for growth
- Virulence factor:
- Incubation period:
- Ideal specimen:
cysteine and methionine
pertussis toxin
7-14 days
nasopharyngeal swab (calcium
algenate or bacron?dacron?)
It causes acute infection of upper respiratory tract (common in children) in B. pertussis
Whopping cough
Culture for B. pertussis
Bordet Gengou media
Jones Kendrick Charcoal Agar
Regan-Lowe medium
Culture in B. pertussis that cause colonies to have
mercury droplets or pearl-like colonies
Bordet Gengou media
B. pertussis
- Preferred agar
- Transport media (SMC)
CCBA - charcoal cephalexin blood agar
Stuart, Mishullows charcoal, Casamino broth
Most sensitive test for B. pertussis
PCR
Stages of whooping cough
Catarrhal stage
Paroxysmal stage
Convalescent stage
Stages of whooping cough that is characterized by common colds; best time to collect specimen
Catarrhal stage
Stages of whooping cough that is characterized by continuous coughing and lasts for 6 week
Paroxysmal stage
Stages of whooping cough that lasts for 6 months
Convalescent stage
- Large colonies with brown pigment on Bordet Gengou agar
- Pertussis like syndrome (mild)
B. parapertussis
Kennel’s coughing (coughing of dogs)
Inhabits respiratory tract of canines
B. bronchiseptica
B. bronchiseptica
- ____ urease producer like proteus
- Oxidase ____, motile
Rapid
(+)
- BSL level 2
- BSC level 3
- Minute, highly pleomorphic, NM
Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis
- Requirement for growth
- On BAP:
- Weakly Catalase, Oxidase
- Stain:
cysteine
alpha-hemolytic
(+)
faint bipolar
Francisella tularensis diseases
Tularemia - rodents and rabbits
Bloodish sputum and life-threatening pneumonia - humans
Francisella tularensis
- Virulence factor:
- MOT:
capsule
Bite from infected tick, deerfly, Handling infected animal carcasses, Breathing in F. tularensis, Ingestion of contaminated food or water
susceptibility test (acridine orange to visualize organism) for Francisella tularensis
Forshay test
Culture for Francisella tularensis
GCBA - glucose-cysteine-blood agar
PCA - Plate Count agar
Drug of choice for Francisella tularensis
streptomycin; alternative: gentamycin
