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BACTE finals > GRAM-NEGATIVE FASTIDIOUS COCCOBACILLI > Flashcards

GRAM-NEGATIVE FASTIDIOUS COCCOBACILLI Flashcards

1
Q

Blood-loving
Normal inhabitant of URT and oral cavity EXCEPT
Nucreii
Non-motile and Non-spore former

A

Haemophilus

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2
Q

Haemophilus requires these factors for growth

A

X factor
V factor

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3
Q

heat stable; heminia/ hemin

A

X factor

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4
Q

heat labile; coenzyme 1 (NAD); supplied by yeast or potato and also STAMP organisms (staphylococci, pneumococci or gonococci)

A

V factor

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5
Q

Haemophilus
- ferments ___
- Oxidase and Catalase __
- Preferred incubation:
- Requires ___

A

CHO
(+)
35-37 degC
CO2

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6
Q

This grows if there is V factor in Haemophilus

A

Satellite Phenomenon

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7
Q

In Haemophilus, Once specimen is received it should be plated within 20 MINUTES; DO grow in McConkey

A

10 MINUTES
DO NOT grow in McConkey

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8
Q
  • Major cause of Acute epiglottis
  • 2nd cause of otitis media
  • 3rd cause of meningitis in infants (HIB Haemophilus influenzae type B)
A

Haemophilus influenzae

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9
Q
  • Normal flora of the upper respiratory tract
  • Coccobacilli, encapsulated or small rods
  • Common Name: Pfeiffer’s bacillus or Bacillus
    influenzae
A

Haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

Haemophilus influenzae
- ____ & beta lactamase
- MOT:
- CAP:

A

encapsulated; (+)
droplets
Dew drop colonies

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11
Q

Haemophilus influenzae
- Odor:
- Virulence factors:

A

Mousy odor but in reality it’s not that bad
Capsulated

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12
Q

Haemophilus influenzae diseases

A

otitis media, acute epiglottitis, laryngitis, fatal meningitis

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13
Q

Haemophilus influenzae 2 categories

A
  1. Typeable
  2. Non-typeable
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14
Q

capsule based (hib-serotype for meningitis in children)
Quellung test

A

Typeable

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15
Q

normal flora in the upper respirator

A

Non-typeable

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16
Q

X factor dependent test in H. influenzae

A

Porphyrin Test

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17
Q

Culture of H. influenzae (3)

A

CAP
Fides Enriched media
Levinthal, BAP

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18
Q
  • Rarely associated with endocarditis and pneumonia
  • Normal flora of the oral cavity: found in dental plaque
A

H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus

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19
Q
  • Closely resemble the H. influenzae type 3
  • Common Name: Koch-Week’s bacillus
  • Long slender rods
  • Pink Eye
  • Brazilian Purpuric fever (Children)
A

H. aegypticus

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20
Q
  • Normal flora of mouth and nasopharynx
  • Mannose fermentation
A

H. parainfluenzae

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21
Q
  • Mistaken from S. pyogenes
  • Beta hemolysis in BAP
A

H. haemolyticus

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22
Q
  • Sexually transmitted disease
  • Coccobacilli in rows
  • Soft chancre
  • Painful ulcers in genitalia
A

H. ducreyi

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23
Q

H. ducreyi
- ideal specimen:
- Microscopic appearance:
- Incubation period:

A

lymph node aspirates/ exudates
school of red fish, railroad appearance, fingerprint appearance
7 days

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24
Q

Lactose fermenter
Opportunistic pathogen

A

HACEK

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25
Q

HACEK
- Catalase (-) EXCEPT
- Indole (-) EXCEPT
- Glucose fermenters EXCEPT

A

A. actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodens

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26
Q

HACEK
- ___ motile
- ___
- Preferred medium:

A

Non
capnophilis
CAP

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27
Q
  • Do not require X and V factor
  • Foam-loving bacteria
  • Oxidase (-)
  • Subacute endocarditis
A

Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (H. aphrophilus)

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28
Q
  • Destructive/ Juvenile periodontitis
  • Normal flora of human oral cavity
  • Dots & Dashes Morse Code
  • Starlight appearance
A

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans

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29
Q

T/F
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is formerly known as Actinobacillus

A

TRUE

30
Q
  • Pleomorphic, rosette formation
  • Teardrop appearance
  • Infect aortic valves
  • Indole (+)
A

Cardiobacterium hominis

31
Q

Part of gingival and bowel flora
Clenched-fist wounds

A

Eikenella corrodens (corroding bacilli)

32
Q

Eikenella corrodens (corroding bacilli)
- Odor:
- MOT:
- Oxidase ___
- BAP:

A

bleach-like
Hematogenous spread from repeated trauma to tongue piercing and ascending vaginal infection
(+)
pitting of agar

33
Q
  • BAP: “pitting of agar”
  • Short, plump coccobacilli with square ends
  • Subacute bacterial endocarditis
A

Kingella kingae

34
Q

Kingella kingae
- Oxidase __
- Motility:

A

(-)
twitching

35
Q
  • Beta hemolysis
  • Tiny fastidious rod, gram variable
  • Non-Motile, Non-Encapsulated
  • Neonatal sepsis, postpartum bacteremia
A

Gardnerella vaginalis

36
Q

positive for G. vaginalis; vaginal epithelial spills covered with bacteria (epithelial cells are filled with gram neg rods)

A

Clue cells

37
Q

diagnosis for bacterial vaginosis (scoring of consistent 7-10)

A

Nugent Scoring

38
Q

discharge + 10% KOH = fishy or foul-smelling (POSITIVE for G. vaginalis)

A

Whiff or Sniff test

39
Q

Cytology used for G. vaginalis

A

PAP’s smear

40
Q

Culture for selective medium used for G. vaginalis

A

colistin - oxolinic acid blood agar

41
Q

Culture for specific medium used for G. vaginalis

A

V agar

42
Q

Negligence of G. vaginalis may result to

A

pelvic inflammatory disease or worse barren or female sterility and in pregnancy results to ectopic pregnancy (pagkabaog)

43
Q

Normal flora of Animal
Coccobacilli to long filamentous rods
Safety pin
MOST COMMON type of infection: Wound infection

A

Pasteurella

44
Q

Pasteurella
- MOT:
- MOST COMMON type of infection:
- _____ anaerobe, ____ Motile
- Oxidase & Catalase

A

Animal bites
Wound infection
Facultative; non
(+)

45
Q

Pasteurellosis
- ___ motile
- Stain:
- Smell:
- ONPG and Urease

A

non
bipolar
mushroom
(-)

45
Q

Pasteurellosis
Most important human pathogen
Agent of shipping fever in cattles (haemoragic
septicemia)

A

P. multocida

46
Q

Coccobacilli, obligate aerobe

A

Bordetella

47
Q

Bordetella
- NM except
- Oxidase (+) except
- Urease (+) except

A

B. bronchiseptica
B. parapertussis
B. pertussis

48
Q

Bordetella Growth factors: CMN

A
  • Cysteine
  • Methionine
  • Nicotinic Acid
49
Q

Bordetella
Virulence factors

A

pertussis toxin, fimbriae, trachedal cytotoxin, adenylate cyclase

50
Q

Bordetella gram stain:

A

0.2% basic fuchsin as counter stain to enhance the vidsibility or sometimes safranin (seconds but in bordetella 2 mins)

51
Q

Bordet Gengou bacillus
Minute coccobacill
Strictly aerobic, encapsulated

A

B. pertussis

52
Q

B. pertussis
- Requires ___ & ___ for growth
- Virulence factor:
- Incubation period:
- Ideal specimen:

A

cysteine and methionine
pertussis toxin
7-14 days
nasopharyngeal swab (calcium
algenate or bacron?dacron?)

53
Q

It causes acute infection of upper respiratory tract (common in children) in B. pertussis

A

Whopping cough

54
Q

Culture for B. pertussis

A

Bordet Gengou media
Jones Kendrick Charcoal Agar
Regan-Lowe medium

55
Q

Culture in B. pertussis that cause colonies to have
mercury droplets or pearl-like colonies

A

Bordet Gengou media

56
Q

B. pertussis
- Preferred agar
- Transport media (SMC)

A

CCBA - charcoal cephalexin blood agar
Stuart, Mishullows charcoal, Casamino broth

57
Q

Most sensitive test for B. pertussis

A

PCR

58
Q

Stages of whooping cough

A

Catarrhal stage
Paroxysmal stage
Convalescent stage

59
Q

Stages of whooping cough that is characterized by common colds; best time to collect specimen

A

Catarrhal stage

60
Q

Stages of whooping cough that is characterized by continuous coughing and lasts for 6 week

A

Paroxysmal stage

61
Q

Stages of whooping cough that lasts for 6 months

A

Convalescent stage

62
Q
  • Large colonies with brown pigment on Bordet Gengou agar
  • Pertussis like syndrome (mild)
A

B. parapertussis

63
Q

Kennel’s coughing (coughing of dogs)
Inhabits respiratory tract of canines

A

B. bronchiseptica

64
Q

B. bronchiseptica
- ____ urease producer like proteus
- Oxidase ____, motile

A

Rapid
(+)

65
Q
  • BSL level 2
  • BSC level 3
  • Minute, highly pleomorphic, NM
A

Francisella tularensis

66
Q

Francisella tularensis
- Requirement for growth
- On BAP:
- Weakly Catalase, Oxidase
- Stain:

A

cysteine
alpha-hemolytic
(+)
faint bipolar

66
Q

Francisella tularensis diseases

A

Tularemia - rodents and rabbits
Bloodish sputum and life-threatening pneumonia - humans

67
Q

Francisella tularensis
- Virulence factor:
- MOT:

A

capsule
Bite from infected tick, deerfly, Handling infected animal carcasses, Breathing in F. tularensis, Ingestion of contaminated food or water

68
Q

susceptibility test (acridine orange to visualize organism) for Francisella tularensis

A

Forshay test

69
Q

Culture for Francisella tularensis

A

GCBA - glucose-cysteine-blood agar
PCA - Plate Count agar

70
Q

Drug of choice for Francisella tularensis

A

streptomycin; alternative: gentamycin

BACTE finals (5 decks)

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