ENTEROBACTER Flashcards
Enterobacter
- Resembles K. ____
- Causes ____ due to powdered milk formula
- ____ appereance
- ____ motile
K. pneumoniae
necrotizing fasciitis
Fish eye
Highly
Enterobacter Members (CAAGS)
- E. cloacae
- E. aerogenes
- Pantoea agglomerans
- E. gergoviae
- Cronobacter sakazakii
Most predominant isolate member of Enterobacter
E. cloacae
Member of Enterobacter that has strong urease reaction
E. gergoviae
Member of Enterobacter that causes necrotizing fasciitis like meningitis with yellow colonies
C. sakazakii
Enterobacter is ____ in Ornithine decarboxylase EXCEPT P. ____
positive
Pantoea agglomerans
T/F
To differentiate Enterobacter and Klebsiella: motility
can be used
FALSE
motility and ornithine decarboxylase is used
Motility
Enterobacter:
Klebsiella:
Motile
Non motile
Ornithine decarboxylase
Enterobacter:
Klebsiella:
(+) except Pantoea agglomerans
(-)
ass. with hemolytic uremic syndrome
rarely considered pathogenic
Hafnia alvei
Hafnia alvei
- ____ fermenters
- ____ in DNASE, gelatinase and lipase
Late lactose
negative
Hafnia alvei major characteristics
delayed positive citrate reaction
Well-known for antibiotic resistant to a wide range of
antibiotics
Serratia
Serratia
- ___ fermenters
- motile
- ___ in DNASE, gelatinase and lipase
Late lactose or Non lactose in some book
positive
Serratia
Virulence factor:
Prodigiosin (red milk)
- Can be isolated in benzoyl fluoride
- Outbreaks in nurseries and burn units
S. marcescens
- non pathogenic but common as blood bag contaminant
S. liquefaciens
- closely related to S. marcescens, also produces red pigment
S. rubidaea
To differentiate rubidaea from liquefaciens, use
malonate test
- smell like a rotten potato or rancid potato odor
S. odorifera
- Ingestion of contaminated food, poultry, or like dairy products and water
- Human to human transmission- carrier state
Salmonella
Salmonella
- ____ fermenter EXCEPT S. ____
- ____ Indole, VP, PAD, Urease
- Produces ____ EXCEPT S. ____
Non lactose fermenter; S. arizonae
negative
H2S; S. paratyphi A
Salmonella
- Motile EXCEPT S. ____ & ____
- Citrate ____ EXCEPT ____
- LDC ____ EXCEPT S. ____
S. gallinarum and pullorum
(+); typhi
(+); S. paratyphi
Salmonella
Virulence factor:
Antigens present:
Pili
O and H Antigen
Salmonella antigen that is heat stable, IgM, lipopolysaccharide in content
O antigen
Salmonella antigen that has flagellar, heat labile, IgG, protein
H antigen
What antigen can be found in carrier of Salmonella
Vi
Salmonella
- Common Sequelae:
- Incubation Period: ___ and can multiply in ___ and ___
S. osteomyelitis
1-4 weeks; spleen and liver
Salmonella Serotypes (TPC)
Typhimurium
Paratyphi
Choleraesuis
Salmonella Serotypes are associated with
bacteremia
Salmonella serotype which is associated with food poisoning
S. typhimurium
Salmonella serotype which is a paratyphoid fever
S. paratyphi
Salmonella serotype which is a non paratyphoid fever
S. choleraesuis
Can survive in well water (tubig sa poso) for 7 days
Common name is Evert bacillus
Salmonella typhi
Salmonella typhi
MOT:
Complication:
Major Reservoir:
Site of long term carriage:
Gold standard:
Fecal-oral route
Psychosis
Chickens
Gallbladder
Blood culture 38:00
Salmonella typhi
- Blood Culture - reliable during the ___
- Stool and Urine Culture - reliable during ___
- Widal test - reliable during ___
1st week
2nd week
3rd week
it is a serological test to identify Typhoid fever
Widal test
Titer O - active infection (1:160)
Post vaccination or past infection (1:160)
Salmonella typhi
In Biochemical testing:
PSI -production of hydrogen sulfite is mustache type
Paratyphoid Fever
- S. paratyphi A
- S. paratyphi B
- S. paratyphi C
- Highly communicable disease - low infective dose
<200 bacilli can cause disease thru flies - Reservoir: Humans only
Shigella
Shigella
- ____ fermenters EXCEPT S. ___
- LD, Citrate, Malonate, xylose, H2S ___ anaerogenic
- ONPG ___
- Non lactose; S. sonnei (LLF)
(-)
(+); for LLF ang ONPG
Shigella
- MOT:
- Incubation period:
Fecal-oral route
1 to 7 days
Shigella
Virulence factors:
Shiga toxin which produces diarrhea and dysentery
Toxin that causes inflammation in Shigella
Endotoxin
Toxin that causes invasive property; heat labile, non-motile because they lack the H antigens, also lacks K antigens in Shigella
Neurotoxin
Non-mannitol fermenters
S. dysenteriae
most virulent spp. among shigella
S. dysenteriae
Toxins present in S. dysenteriae
- Exotoxin
- Enterotoxin
Toxin in S. dysenteriae that is responsible for neurotoxin
Exotoxin
Toxin in S. dysenteriae that is similar to cholera toxin
Enterotoxin
Mannitol fermenters that is Non lactose fermenter (2)
NLF:
- S. flexneri
- S. boydii
Mannitol fermenter that has strong bacillus/ gay bowel syndrome
S. flexneri
Mannitol fermenter that is a new castle manchester
S. boydii
A painful diarrhea characterized by presence of blood streak and plenty of past cells
Watery stool
Bacillary dysentery
Mannitol fermenter that is sonduval bacillus or Sonne’s bacillus and can cross react with plesiomonas, which is a NLF
S. sonnei
Mannitol fermenters that is Late lactose fermenter (1)
S. sonnei
Fewer past cells and Watery stool
Amoebic dysentery
Subspecies of Salmonella that has a positive color of blue, causes gastroenteritis and uses sodium malonate
Salmonella subsp. Arizonae (Arizona hinshawii)
Salmonella subsp. Arizonae (Arizona hinshawii)
- ____ fermenter
- motile
- Normally they are present in ___ , in their intestines
Late lactose
reptiles stone
Biochemically similar to E. coli (only difference is that E. tarda is NLF while E.coli is LF)
Seen in reptiles or cold and warm blooded animals
Edwarsiella tarda
Edwarsiella tarda
- ____ fermenter
- motile
- Citrate, Urea ___
- Produces abundant/ heavy ___
- Indole
Non lactose
(-)
H2S
(+)
Also known as Bethesda-Ballerup
Also biochemically similar to E. coli
Can be mistaken for Salmonella
Can cause intestinal infection, they are normally
present in gut/ stomach
Citrobacter
Citrobacter
- ____ fermenter
- Citrate, ONPG and MR
Late lactose
(+)
Use to differentiate Citrobacter from Salmonella and Key biochemical test
LDC or lysine decarboxylase
Extraintestinal infections
Normal gut flora
C. freundii
Neonatal meningitis
Cause nursery outbreak
H2S (-)
Indole and malonate (+)
C. koseri
Rare human pathogen
Associated with community acquired infection like septicemia, cervical px.
C. braaki
- NLF
- Rapid urease producer 2-4 hours after inoculation
- Swarming motility on BAP
- Dienes Phenomenon - don’t mingle
Proteus
Most important member
Most common isolate
Rapid urease producer that can
lead to kidney stone formation
Pneumonia and septicemia
P. mirabilis
P. mirabilis
- produces ___ antigen
- indole ___
- ONPG ___
- Sensitive:
OX-K
(-)
(+)
Cephalosporin and ampicillin
Can cause nosocomial UTI
Produces OX-2 : OX-19 antigen
Indole(+)
Resistant: cephalosporin, ampicillin and chloramphenicol
P. vulgaris
Only impt. species
Don’t swarm on blood agar plate can cause UTI, diarrhea and wound infections
Morganella morganii
Morganella morganii key tests
Lactose, LDC, Citrate
Normal intestinal flora
Do not swarm
Associated to nosocomial and UTI
Cause diarrhea in children
Providencia alcalifaciens
Urease (+)
UTI and skin infections
Cause diarrhea among travelers
P. rettgeri
UTI in dwelling catheters
Can isolate in urine culture and can be nosocomial
Variable urease
P. stuartii
Safety pin appearance
Form Stalactite pattern- adhere on one side only
Yersinia
Yersinia
- ____ fermenters
- micro___
- ____
- ___ granules
Non lactose
aerophilis
zoonotic
bipolar
Yersinia that are present in
1. NM at 37 degC but Motile at 25 degC -
2. NM at 25 degC or 37 degC -
Y. enterocolitica/ Y. pseudotuberculosis
Y. pestis
Yersinial plasmid encoded outer membrane protein
YOPS
Yersinia in Deoxycholate agar
reddish pink
Plague transmitted thru the bite of rat fleas
Classified as bioterrorism agent class A
They are not enteric pathogen Intracellular parasite
Y. pestis
Y. pestis
- Urease, Ornithine __
- ___ & ___ antigens
- Culture:
- Transport medium:
(-)
V & W
CIN (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin medium)
Cary blair
Y. pestis on BAP looks like ___
- 48 hrs. ___
- 24 hrs. ___
hammered copper colonies
cauliflower like
pinpoint
3 types of human plague in Y. pestis
- Bubonic plague
- Pneumonic plague
- Septicemic plague
Type of human plague in Y. pestis that affect the lymph nodes
Bubonic plague
Type of human plague in Y. pestis that is airborne
inhalation
Pneumonic plague
Type of human plague in Y. pestis that is black death due to swark man phenomenon
Septicemic plague
Y. pestis
Virulence factors:
Fraction 1 - anti phagocytic
V protein
W lipoprotein
Most common to humans
Most common blood contaminant
Enterocolitis
Bull’s eye colonies
Appendicitis-like infection
Y. enterocolitica
Y. enterocolitica
- ___ fermenters
- Main reservior:
- ONPG ___
Late lactose
Pigs
(+)
Mesenteric lymphadenitis
Motile at ___
Yersiniosis
Y. pseudotuberculosis
RT
severe intestinal inflammation caused by enterocolitica or pseudotuberculosis
Yersiniosis
Grow on enteric media and biochemically imitate shigella
Gastritis
Plesiomonas shigelloides
Plesiomonas shigelloides
- Oxidase ___
- ____ fermenter
- Triple Decarboxylase
- Specimen:
(-)
glucose
(+)
Stool and rectal swab
Triple Decarboxylase (+)
- LBC
- Ornithine decarboxylase
- Arginine decarboxylase
Test is use to differentiate plesiomonas from aeromonas
DNASE test (P-neg; A-pos)
