Gram Negative Cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

Neisseria General

shape, requirements

A

G- diplococci (bean shaped)
Usually capnophilic, best in humid environment
Fastidious if pathogenic

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2
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Background

where, transmission, clinical

A

Habitat: NOT normal flora, mucous membranes, conjuctiva
Transmission: person to person, only human natural host
Clinical significance: sexually transmitted, conjuctivitis

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3
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Virulence Factor

4

A
  • Capsule to resist phagocytosis
  • Pilus for attachment
  • Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) endotoxin
  • IgA protease that releases enzyme to destroy IgA1
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4
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Infections

Local, systemic, vertical trans, other

A

Local
- GI tract infection, inflammatory disease and reproductive organs

Systemic
- Skin lesions
- Endocarditis
- Leading cause of purulent arthritis

Vertical transmission
Infected mother to baby
during childbirth

Other
- Septicemia and infection of skin, joints in some women, results of untreated

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5
Q

Gonorrhea: The Clap

A

Women
- Higher chance of getting it
- More asymptomatic carriers

Men
- Lower chance of getting it
- Initially asymptomatic mostly

Purulent discharge
- Untreated can lead to carrier state, major reservoir is the carrier

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6
Q

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Antimicrobial Resistance

what is an effective one

A

Progressively gained resistance to each new antibacterial agent
- 1 last recommended anf effective one is: cephalosporins

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7
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis Background

Where, trans, clinical, virulence

A

Habitat: oral, nasoph. mucus membranes, may not cause infection - carrier state
Transmission: person to person, throat secretions, children, teens, YA, 65 or older at risk, human host
Clinical: meningitis, meningococcemia
Virulence: structures like NEGO, polysaccharide capsule, causes increase in production of capsule in high temps

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8
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis: Meningitis

what, symptoms

A

Inflammation of layers of meninges
- Will see microbes in CSF

Symptoms: stiff neck, headache, light sensitivity, altered mental state, nausea
- In babies: fever, high-pitched cry, doesn’t like being moved, soft spot in skull

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9
Q

How Neisseria Meningitidis Travels To Brain

3 ways and why

A

Transcellular: travels right through cells
Paracellular: travels between cells
Trojan horse: from within phagocytes traveling through

It can do these because of capsule that masks the cell surface

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10
Q

Neisseria Meningitidis: Meningococcemia

A

Septicemia with/without meningitis
Clinical features
- Thrombosis, multiorgan involvement
- Petechial skin rash, trunk and lower extremities
- Can spread rapidly, DIC and shock

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11
Q

Other Neisseria Species

where, trans, clinical

A

Habitat: normal flora of URT
Transmission: endogenous, maybe person to person
Clinical: rare, low virulence

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12
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis Background

Where, trans, clinical

A

Habitat: normal flora of URT, sometimes female genital tract
Transmission: endogenous, person to person
Clinical: U and L RT infections, rare disseminated disease

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13
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis Infections

A

Third most common cause of otitis media and sinitus in children

Lower RT infections: elderly, chronic pulmonary diseases
Aspiration pneumonia: particles from mouth constantly aspirated into airways, causes inflammation or infection in lungs

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14
Q

Treatment and Prevention for Neisseria and Moraxella

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Postexposure prophylaxis for NEME, 24 hours
  • Vaccine for NEME groups A, C, Y, W-135
  • Droplet precautions
  • Serogroup B meningococcal vaccine
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15
Q

Specimen Collection

A
  • Pathogenic Neisseria can dry out, temp sensitive
  • Flocked swab for NEGO
  • CO2 enriched, or transport media
  • Culture within 6 hours
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