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Microbiology > gram neg non-fermentors :) > Flashcards

gram neg non-fermentors :) Flashcards

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1
Q

what organism is the leading cause of meningitis and bacteremia in children less than 2 years who aren’t vaccinated?

A

H. influenzae type B (HIB)

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2
Q

what are H. influenzae’s X, V, and beta hemolysis characteristics?

A

X factor: pos
V factor: pos
beta hemolytic: neg

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3
Q

what are H. parainfluenzae X, V, and beta hemolysis characteristics?

A

X factor: neg
V factor: pos
beta: neg

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4
Q

what are H. haemolyticus’ X, V, and beta hemolysis characteristics?

A

X factor: pos
V factor: pos
beta: pos

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5
Q

what are H. parahaemolyticus’ X, V, and beta hemolysis characteristics?

A

X factor: neg
V factor: pos
beta: pos

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6
Q

what are H. aphrophilus’ X, V, and beta hemolysis characteristics?

A

X factor: variable
V factor: neg
beta: neg

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7
Q

what are H. ducreyii’s X, V, and beta hemolysis characteristics?

A

X factor: pos
V factor: neg
beta: neg

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8
Q

because gram neg nonfermenters are nonfermening of glucose, what will the TSI tube look like?

A

alkaline/no change (red slant/red butt) because these organisms cannot ferment glucose under anaerobic conditions

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9
Q

oxidative-fermentation (OF) tubes are used for gram neg nonfermentors to see if they can use a given carb ________, ________, or _____

A

see if they use a given carb oxidatively, fermentatively, or not at all

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10
Q

using Hugh- Leifson’s OF medium, what is used as an indicator for color change, and what do the color changes mean?

A

uses bromothymol blue, and this becomes
- yellow if acid is made
- blue - blue/green under alkaline conditions

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11
Q

when setting up OF tubes, one is not overlayed with mineral oil (“open” tube). This is the ________ tube. The other that has mineral oil overlayed on the medium (“closed” tube). This is the _________ tube

A

no mineral oil = oxidative carbohydrate degradation tube

mineral oil = fermentation carb degradation tube

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12
Q

if an organism can produce acid in both open and closed OF tubes, it is a carb _______, and both tubes will be __________

A

fermentor; yellow

(eg: most enterobacterales spp. such as e. coli)

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13
Q

if an organism cannot produce acid in the closed OF tube but can in the open OF one, this means the organism cannot metabolize carbs under __________ conditions. What will the tubes look like? What do we call these organisms?

A

cannot metabolize carbs under anaerobic conditions

yellow open tube and blue/green closed tube

These are oxidizer nonfermentors

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14
Q

if an organism cannot produce acid in either the closer or open OF tubes, this means it’s a __________ ___________. The tubes will be what colors?

A

this is a nonoxidizer, nonfermetor

both tubes will be blue/green

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15
Q

H. ducreyii causes _______, and also ________ in the genital area. What is the special gram stain characteristic of this organism?

A

causes chancroids, and also painful ulcers/buboes in the groin

school of fish / railroad tracks gram neg coccobacilli

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16
Q

what does H. influenzae cause?

A

meningitis, epiglottitis, otitis media

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17
Q

what does H. influenzae bio group aegyptius cause?

A

contagious conjunctivitis, also known as “pinkeye”

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18
Q

what are the three most commonly isolated gram neg nonfermenters (in order of popularity)?

A
  1. P. aeruginosa
  2. Acinetobacter spp (eg A. baumanii)
  3. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
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19
Q

P. aeuruginosa is causes serious chronic respiratory tract diseases in patients with ______ ________. It may also cause _______ _____, or ___________ in contaminated hot tubs

A

cystic fibrosis

otitis externa (“swimmer’s ear”)

folliculitis in contaminated hot tubs

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20
Q

nearly all strains of P. aeruginosa have ______, which is a pigment gives this organism a _____ color on media plates. This organism is usually (what kind of hemolysis) on BAP

A

pyocyanin

blue color

beta hemolytic on BAP

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21
Q

A gram neg rod may be called P. aeruginosa if it’s _______ and _______ positive, is a _________ ________ in the OF tubes, and grows at _____ ºC

A

oxidase and pyocyanin pos

oxidizer nonfermenter (yellow open tube with blue/green closed tube)

42ºC

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22
Q

Burkholderia cepatia also causes problems in people with CF, just like P. aeruginosa, so what media will isolate B. cepatia while inhibiting P. aeruginosa? What color are these colonies?

A

OFPBL agar (oxidative fermentative base-polymyxin B-bacitracin-lactose)

yellow colonies

23
Q

the third most commonly isolated gram neg nonfermetor can have what characteristic color on BAP? It is oxidase _______ and oxidizes glucose, but oxidizes _____ more readily, hence its name.

A

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia can be green-lavender on BAPs.
- oxidase pos
- oxidizes MALTOSE more readily than glucose

24
Q

Acinetobacter spp., the 2nd most commonly isolated gram neg nonfermentor, look like what on a gram stain? What are key ID tests for it?

A

plump GNR or coccobacilli (side note: they can resist decolorization)

tests:
- catalase pos
- oxidase, nitrate, and motility neg

25
Q

Morexella spp are differentiated from M. catarrhalis how? Morexella are _________ pathogenic, and when they are, they’re _______ infections since Morexella spp. are normal flora of the mucosal ________ tract.

A

Morexella spp. are gram neg rods, while M. catarrhalis is gram neg diplococci

rarely pathogenic, but when they are, they’re opportunistic infections due to this species normally in the mucosal membranes of the respiratory tract

26
Q

V. cholerae is the causative agent of ______. What is their gram stain and motility pattern? What is the description of stool from people with this bacteria?

A

cholera

gran neg curved rods

darting/shooting star motility

stool rice water (colorless with mucus flecks)

27
Q

what kind of transport media does vibrio spp. need?

A

transport media: Cary-blair medium. (And also alkaline peptone water for fecal cultures)

28
Q

What is the selective and differential medium for Vibrio species, and what will the different kinds of vibrio spp. colonies look like on there?

A

Thiosulfate-citrate-bile-salt/sucrose (TCBS) agar:

selective for vibrio with its high salt and citrate (inhibits most enterbacterales)

differential (sucrose fermentation)
- V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus ferment sucrose (yellow colonies)
- V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus = no sucrose fermentation (green colonies)

29
Q

Aeromonas spp. (water-loving bacteria found in fresh/salt water) can be isolated using what kind of media?

A

BAP with ampicillin (since ampicillin inhibits most stool pathogens but not Aeromonas spp.)

30
Q

what kind of agar is needed to isolate Plesiomonas shigelloides?

A

IBB agar

31
Q

what are some presumptive ID traits for Campylobacter spp?

A
  • growth on campy agar
  • growth at 42ºC
  • gran neg seagull wings/S-shaped
  • oxidase and catalase POS
  • darting motility
  • hippurate pos (C. jejune only)
32
Q

what bacteria is the most common cause of duodenal and peptic ulcers? How does it last in the stomach?

A

Heliobacter pylori lasts in the stomach by producing large amounts of urease
(can test urease production from gastric biopsy, or from breath test)

33
Q

Campy and Heliobacter are both oxidase pos, catalase positive, darting motility, and sea-gull winged GNR. How to differentiate them?

A

Campy is urease neg

Heliobacter is urease pos

34
Q

Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Plesiomonas are all oxidase, indole, nitrate, and cat positive. How to differ them? (hint: selective media)

A

Vibrio: TCBS agar (sucrose fermenter or nonfermenter)
Aeromonas: BAP with ampicillin (and most are beta hemolytic)
Plesiomonas: IBB (white to pink colonies)

35
Q

what is the causative agent of whooping cough, and what is the selective media for it?

A

Bordetella pertussis (is fastidious and won’t grow on BAP or chocolate)
- Bordet-Gengou blood agar
- charcoal horse blood agar (Regan-Lowe charcoal agar)
- Jones-Kendrik charcoal agar

all at 35º C

36
Q

Brucella causes what disease? This species is (aerobic or anaerobic), (slow/fast growing), (what kind of hemolysis), gram negative __________. They are positive for what four things?

A

it causes brucellosis, aka undulating fever

aerobic, slow-glowing, non hemolytic, gram negative coccobacilli

pos for: oxidase, catalase, urease, and nitrate

37
Q

capnocytophagia spp gram stain? What kinds are due to dog/animal bites? What kind of motility does it have?

A

fusiform, filamentous, gram negative rods

DF-2 group spp. such as C. cynodegmi infections associated with dog/animal bites

gliding motility

38
Q

what bacteria has a cyanide odor?

A

Chromobacterium violaceum

39
Q

faint-staining gram negative coccobacilli that causes tularemia / rabbit fever is what? What kind of special media does it require for isolation?

A

Francisella tularensis requires glucose-cysteine blood agar

40
Q

what are the organisms does HACEK stand for?

A

Haemophilus aphrophilus
Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans
Cardiobacterium hominis
Eikenella corrodes
Kingella kingae

41
Q

Haemophilus spp/ H. aphrophilus grows on _________ only, and is positive for _______

A

chocolate

pos for lactose

42
Q

Cardiobacterium hominis looks like what on an agar, and it is ________ positive

A

pit agar surface (and cause rosette formation)

indole positive

43
Q

Eikenella corrodens has a __________ odor, and it is ______ __________ positive

A

bleach-like odor

lysine decarboxylase

44
Q

Aggregatobacter/actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has what kind of morphology on an agar, and it is ________ positive

A

star-like structure in center of colony

catalase positive

45
Q

Kingella kingae infections occur usually in children and cause what kinds of infections? What are some key ID characteristics?

A

wound and septic arthritis

ox pos
catalase neg
indole neg

46
Q

Legionella spp causes two diseases, and which one is more severe? What kind of media is required to isolate it?

A

Legionellosis
- Legionnaire’s disease (more severe)
- Pontiac fever (less severe)

Buffered charcoal yeast agar (BCYE)

47
Q

Pasturella multocida is acquired how? They do not grow on ______ agar. Are they motile? What about urease and penicillin susceptibility?

A

Dog and cat bites and scratches

no growth on MAC

nonmotile, urease neg, and susceptible to penicillin

48
Q

Streptobacillus moniliformis infections are called ____ ______ fever. It’s L-phase colonies have what kind of appearance?

A

rat-bite fever

fried-egg appearance

49
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii causes what disease? How is it transmitted?

A

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever via infected ticks

50
Q

what bacteria has colonies that are white, dry, and “cauliflower-like”, twitches on a wet-prep, and is oxidase negative? What fever does it cause?

A

Bartonella spp. causes trench fever

51
Q

Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes what disease?

A

primary atypical pneumonia / walking pneumonia

52
Q

What kind of mycoplasma causes urogenital tracts of sexually active adults?

A

Mycoplasma hominis

53
Q

what bacteria are pleomorphic, gram negative, and are obligate intracellular pathogens that replicate in vacuoles and form inclusions that are called _______

A

Erlichia

morulae

54
Q

squamous epithelial cells covered in bacteria (esp G. vaginalis) are called ________ cells

A

clue

Microbiology (13 decks)

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