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Microbiology > fungus........ > Flashcards

fungus........ Flashcards

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1
Q

yeast reproduce by _______ (“blastoconidia”). What is the most common form of fungal infection?

A

yeast reproduce by budding. Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection

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2
Q

What is a rapid grower in germ tubes, and what is another characteristic microscopic finding for this fungus

A

C. albicans grows in 2-4 hrs in a germ tube.

Has large, thick, usually single terminal chlamydospores

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3
Q

pseudohyphae and blastoconidia suggest the genus _________. All of these spp. except for what produce pseudohyphae on a cornmeal agar

A

all suggest Candida spp

all Candida spp. except C. (Torulopsis) glabrata make pseudohyphae on cornmeal agar
- use RAT test to ID

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4
Q

Geotrichum spp. are characterized by true hyphae that segment into rectangular _____________. They look like hockey sticks

A

arthroconidia

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5
Q

C. parapsilosis colonies look like what?

A

spider or crossed matchstick

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6
Q

“logs in stream” is the colony morphology for what kind of Candida spp.?

A

C. kefyr

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7
Q

Saccharomyces spp. has characteristically roundish ______ (sexual spores in a sac) and are positive for what kind of stain?

A

Saccharomyces spp. has the round ascospores

pos for acid-fast stain

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8
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans is uncharacteristically ______ pos, while most yeast are neg. It is also _____ ____ pos due to its capsules. Where is it most commonly found in nature?

A

urease pos, also india ink pos

found in bird and bat droppings

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9
Q

C. neoformans has _____ oxidase, which can metabolize ____ ___ to melanin. What kind of agar is used for this fungus, and what color does this fungus have on this agar?

A

has phenol oxidase that can metabolize caffeic acid to melanin

it is red-brown pigmentation on bird-seed agar (which contains caffeic acid)

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10
Q

C. neoformans can cause _______, which is very common to see in AIDS patients with this fungus

A

meningitis

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11
Q

what kind of yeast is almost always associated with catheter infections?

A

Rhodotorula spp.
- pink on agar

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12
Q

what are the three zygomycetes, and what else are they called due to their colony morphology? How can you tell them apart?

A

Rhizopus, Mucor, and Absidia are all “lid-lifters”

Rhizopus: rhizoids on bottom of sporangiophores

Mucor: no rhizoids

Absidia: rhizoids on side of sporangiophores
- can grow up to 45 C

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13
Q

what diseases do the zygomycetes cause?

A

zygomycosis: infection of lungs, nasal sinuses, brain, eye, skin, ect

suppurative necrosis

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14
Q

what is the most common cause of invasive disseminated aspergilliosis? What is included with this disease?

A

A. fumigatus
- fungus balls in lungs
- sinusitis
- respiratory infections!

grows well at 45 C

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15
Q

A. niger don’t grow well at 45 C. What kind of infections does it most commonly cause?

A

ear infections

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16
Q

what kind of mycotoxins does A. flavus cause?

A

aflatoxins

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17
Q

Penecillium spp. turns ____-___ on an agar after first being white

A

blueish-green

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18
Q

common plant pathogen with canoe-shaped conidia. White with pink/purple center

A

fusarium spp.

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19
Q

what fungus has “brain” microscopic morphology? What kind of mycetoma does it cause?

A

Acremonium (also called “cephalosporum”) causes eumycotic white grain mycetoma

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20
Q

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor is caused by what fungus and requires what for growth? What are the characteristics of this disease?

A

caused by Malassezia furfur and needs olive oil overlay to grow

patchy lesions or scaling of varying pigmentation of chest/abdomen/trunk
- hypopigmentation = vitiligo

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21
Q

Tinea nigra is caused by what fungus, and how is this disease characterized?

A

caused by Phaeoannelomyces (Exophiala) werneckii

characterized by hyperpigmentation
- brown to black non-scaly macules on palms and soles

22
Q

white piedra is caused by?

A

Trichosporon beigelii
- white to light brown soft nodules around beard and moustache hairs

23
Q

black piedra is caused by?

A

Piedraia hortae
- infection happens on scalp hair. black, hard gritty nodules

24
Q

the dermatophytes can all cause _____

A

ringworm

25
Q

microsporum spp. infects what two keratinized sources? What are the two spp. and how to tell the difference?

A

infect the hair and skin (but not nails)

M. canis: macroconidia with pointed ends and bumpy surface

M. gypseum: macroconidia with rounded ends and smoother surfaces (no hair projections)

26
Q

what is the fungus that have “comb-like” hyphae?

A

Microsporum audouinii

27
Q

Trichophyton spp. infects what keratinized sources?

A

skin, hair, and nails

28
Q

T. mentagrophytes is a common cause of _____ ____. What do the microconidia look like?

A

athlete’s foot

grapelike clusters

(sometimes have thin macroconidia)

29
Q

T. rubrum usually infects what two keratinized sources? It is the most ____ dermatophyte to infect humans

A

skin and nailr (usually not the hair)

most common infectious dermatophyte for humans

30
Q

T. tonsurans is the principle agent of _____. They have what shaped conidia?

A

causes scalp ringworm

tear-drop shaped conidia on small trees/short stalks

31
Q

what trichophyton causes permanent hair loss?

A

T. schoenleinlii

32
Q

what fungus has “beaver-tail” macroconidia? What keratinized sources does it infect?

A

Epidermophyton floccosum infects the skin and nails only

33
Q

all dermatophytes except ________? are urease pos

A

T. rubrum is urease neg

34
Q

what three dermatophytes are hair perforation pos?

A

M. canis, M. gypseum, and T. mentagrophytes

35
Q

fungi are seen in tissue as ____ ____ in the disease of chromoblastomycosis. What does this infection cause?

A

in tissue as sclerotic bodies

chronic infection of warty nodules, tumor-like masses, or raised, rough cauliflower-like lesions that have the sclerotic bodies

36
Q

what do you see in a mycetoma infection?

A

swollen, tumor-like lesions that yield granular pus through draining sinuses

37
Q

infecting agents occur in tissue as dark yeastlike cells/hyphae/pseudohyphae can cause _____________

A

phaeohyphomycosis

38
Q

what is the most common agent of chromoblastomycosis? What are it’s four kind of conidiation?

A

Fonsecaea pedrosoi
- fonsecaea
- rhinocladiella
- cladosporium
- philophora

39
Q

what is the second most common cause of chromoblastomycosis? What kind of micro morphology does it have?

A

Phialophora verrucosa: vase shaped phialides with a flared cuplike collarette

40
Q

what is a common shower contaminant agent of chromoblasomycosis?

A

Cladosporium (“cladophialophora”) spp
- shield cells

41
Q

what is the spp. that look like pumpkin seeds microscopically?

A

cladophialophora carrionii

42
Q

what is an agent of phaeohyphomycosis that has a predilection for the brain?

A

Cladophialophora bantiana

43
Q

what agent of phaeohyphomycosis is one of the black yeasts and is KNO3 positive?

A

Exophiala jeanselmei

44
Q

what agent of phaeohyphomycosis has a predilection for the CNS (the brain and eye) and is KNO3 negative? What is its morphology? What test works well to grab this fungus?

A

Wangiella dermatitidis (exophiala dermatitidis)

conidia like a catapult on hyphae

tease prep works well

45
Q

what is a main agent of mycetoma that causes black grain mycetoma?

A

Madurella spp.

46
Q

what is called the “black killer mold” that produces several mycotoxins? Where is it commonly found?

A

Stachybotrys spp. is commonly found in water-damaged homes

47
Q

Scedosporium prolificans causes an invasive disease characterized by what two things? It’s _________ have a swollen base and elongated necks (flask/lemon shaped)

A

arthritis and osteomyelitis

annellides

48
Q

what kind of aerobic actinomyces is acid fast positive while all other kinds of aerobic actinomyces are AF neg? What is the most common spp. What color/texture colonies does it form? What does it smell like, and what other test is it pos for?

A

Nocardia (asteroides) is the most common kind of nocardia, which is AF pos. This spp. is orange and crumbly/crusty

smells like dirt and is urease pos

49
Q

how to differ Streptomyces from Nocardia since they’re both gram pos bacilli/cocci

A

Streptomyces is acid fast neg (blue)

50
Q

decomposition agars for nocardia include what three quadrants?

A

casein, xanthine, tyrosine

51
Q

what are the six dimorphic fungi that can cause serious mycoses?

A
  1. cryptococcus neoformans
    - has capsule seen in India ink stain
  2. Blastomyces dermatitidis
    - lollipop mold
    - broad base yeast
  3. sporothrix schenckii
    - flower mold
    - cigar bodies yeast
  4. histoplasma capsulatum
    - circular knobby mold
  5. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
    - mariner’s wheel yeast
  6. coccidioides spp. (eg. imminis)
    - barrel-shaped arthroconidia mold
    - spherules in tissue

Microbiology (13 decks)

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