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Micro > Gram +ive Bacteria > Flashcards

Gram +ive Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

resistant to heat and drying

darkly stained

Facultative anaerobic

A

Staphylococcus

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2
Q

The major component of the S. aureus cell wall

A

Protein A
(Binds to fc region in IgG , as a result escape from antibody mediated killing)

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3
Q

A basic component of Staphylococcus aureus, Promote binding to mucosal cell of host

A

FnBP (Fibronectin-binding protein)

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4
Q

a superantigen causes Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome in children.

What is its name and where can be found

A

Exfoliating toxin
In Staphylococcus aureus

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5
Q

Where Staph. aureus colonize

A

In Pharynx, other skin surfaces

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6
Q

Types of infections in Staph. aureus
With 3 ex for each type

A

1- Superficial and deep infections :
-skin infection(Folliculitis), -Respiratory tract infections
-Urinary tract infections

2- Toxin mediated infections :

-Food Poisoning
-Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)

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7
Q
  • Non coagulase producing bacteria residing on skin as normal flora

associated with biofilms around the implants

sensitive to novobiocin

A

Staph. epidermis

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8
Q

Non coagulase, frequently causing of cystitis in women

A

Staph. saprophyticus

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9
Q

colonize the oropharynx of healthy

Asymptomatic

A

Streptococcus pyogens

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10
Q

What is clinical manifestation of Streptococcus pyogens

A

Suppurative infections
divided to :
- Respiratory Tract Infections
- Skin and soft tissue Infections

  • Non suppurative complications \
    Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) , Acute rheumatic fever (ARF)
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11
Q

Tonsillitis and Pharyngitis are systemic Respiratory Tract Infections
✔️or✖️

A

✖️
Localized

Scarlet fever is Systemic Respiratory Infections

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12
Q

Erysipelas, Pyoderma are

A

Is Suppurative Skin Infections

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13
Q

صنفي Cytolytic exotoxins
Which is for Staphylococcus and which is for streptococcus

Hemolysins, Streptolysin O and S

A

Streptolysin for streptococcus

Hemolysins for Staphylococcus

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14
Q

Recount the virulent factors of staphylococcus

A

1- cell wall (that have capsule-inhibit phagocytosis- , FnBP , protein A)

2- Cytolytic exotoxins : hemolysins (attack RBCs )

3- Enzymes (sush as coagulase , catalase)
For ex. Hyaluronidase, Fibrinolysin

4- superantigens (such as exfoliating toxin , sock syndrome toxin)

5- Enterotoxins (Ingestion of food contaminated with Enterotoxins cause food poisoning within 1-6 hours.)

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15
Q

What is the treatment of Streptococcus

A

1- Penicillin
2- in Penicillin allergy , Erythromycin or oral Cephalosporin

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16
Q

Antibiotics have no effect on AGN and ARF
✔️or✖️

A

✔️

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17
Q

What are the 3 virulence factors of Streptococcus

A

1- Cell wall (a.Capsule-inhibit phagocytosis ,, b. Fimbriae-help in adhesion, made of M protein)

2- Ctyolytic exotoxins (Streptolysin O and S)

3- Enzymes (a. Hyaluronidase ,, b. Streptodornases-which degrade the DNA in necrotising tissue-
,, c. Streptokinase-cause lyses of clot)

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18
Q

Diphtheria is

A

acute respiratory or cutaneous disease

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19
Q

Explain the steps of Diphtheria Pathogenicity

A

1-Spread by respiratory droplets from asymptomatic carriers

2-Colonize in tonsils (upper respiratory tract)

3-Multiply and produce toxin

20
Q

Diphtheria exotoxin (Polypeptide) composed of two fragments, A and B.

Fragment A binds to susceptible cell membranes and helps to enter fragment B into cell.

✔️ or✖️

A

✖️
The opposite

21
Q
  • localized on throat,
  • forms pseudomembrane by grayish thick adherent exudate

are clinical features of ….

A

Respiratory Diphtheria

22
Q

Isolation of organism using Tinsdale’s agar (media containing potassium tellurite)

Is lab diagnosis of

A

Diphtheria

23
Q

Pulmonary Anthrax is 100% fatal

A

✔️

24
Q

Papule develops into Slow-healing painless ulcer covered with black eschar surrounded by edema

Are clinical feature of

A

Gram +ive Rod Spore forming
(Bacillus)

25
Q

Reservoir : Soil , Honey , canned meat foods .

A

Clostridium botulinum

26
Q

The virulent factor of Clostridium perfringens
Is two types of toxins

Recount them with their functions

A

Major toxins (alpha toxin) called -lecithinase
lyse mammalian cells

Minor toxins (micro toxin) called -hyaluronidase
lyse the hyaluronic acids of the ECM

27
Q

Non-Spore forming bacilli

Facultative Intracellular bacteria

can grow at 4 °C

A

Listeria monocytogens

28
Q

Pharyngitis , Low grade fever , Cervical lymphadenopathy(Bull neck)

are clinical signs of

A

Respiratory Diphtheria

29
Q

How can Cutaneous Diphtheria invade host cell

A

From puncture wound or cut in the skin
result in introduction of C. diphtheriae

leading to a chronic, nonhealing ulcer

30
Q

Listeria monocytogens transmitted by

A

Ingestion of food /Water contaminated

31
Q

immunogenic precipitation reaction.
For detection of toxin production

Is a lab diagnosis for

A

Diphtheria

32
Q

Doxycycline(tetracycline) and fluoroquinolones

Are useful treatment for

A

+ive Sporing Bacillus

33
Q

The Pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogens is

A

1- enter the cell by phagocytosis

2- produce Listeriolysin (to damage phagolysme)

3- produce phospholipase (to rupture the cell membrane and attack neighboring cell)

34
Q

bacilli producing spores

Thermophilic

Can grow at extremes of acidity & alkalinity (pH 2 to 10)

A

Bacillus

35
Q

Obligate anaerobic (Its vegetative cells killed by oxygen)

Most are opportunistic soil saprophytes

A

Clostridium

36
Q

Spores germinate during Anaerobic conditions and produce the botulin toxin
Is virulent factor of…

A

Clostridium botulinum

37
Q

Source : from contaminated soil

Exudates are profuse and foul smelling

Are characteristic of

A

Clostridium perfringens

38
Q

List the Pathogenesis of Bacillus

A

1- bacteria from soil enter human cells via inhalation, abrasion , ingestion

2- phagocytosed by macrophage in blood

3- multiply inside macrophages and **destroy ** macrophages

4- enter blood circulation

5- specticemia

6- death

39
Q

Fermentation of carbohydrates yields gas

and its accumulation in subcutaneous tissues crinkling sensation on palpation (crepitations)…..Gas gangrene.

A

Clostridium perfringens

40
Q

Mode of action of botulin toxin
(Pathogenesis of Clostridium botulinum)

A

1- Entry into body via ingestion

2- Absorption into circulation

3- Binds to Ach receptors

4- Flaccid paralysis

41
Q

Hyperimmune human globulin
Teatnus toxoid injection
Metronidazole
Spasmolytic drugs (diazepam),

The treatment of ….

A

Clostridium perfringens

42
Q

Treatment of Listeria monocytogens

A

Penicillin either alone
or in combination with trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole.

43
Q

pseudomembranes are composed of

A
  • Bacteria
  • Inflammatory products
  • Fibrin
  • Cell debris from mucosa
44
Q

A nthrax toxic complex made up of three subunits

A

Oedema factor (OF ) - causes elevation of intracellular cAMP. This leads to severe edema

Protective antigen (PA) - It mediates cellular entry of Edema factor and Lethal toxin.

Lethal factor (LF-) - This is responsible for Tissue necrosis

45
Q

The prevention of Clostridium perfringens bacteria :

A

proper wound cleansing

46
Q

Prophylaxis & treatment of Clostridium botulinum

A

Proper canning & preservation of food

Antitoxin - Intra Muscular

47
Q

Meningoencephalitis is disease caused by

A

Listeria monocytogens

Micro (6 decks)

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