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Micro > 3- Bacterial Gentics > Flashcards

3- Bacterial Gentics Flashcards

1
Q

carry genetic information In bacteria

A

Chromosome and plasmid

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2
Q

What are the commensals

Give Ex

A

Harmless microbes that harbour on a living host without causing
any injury to the host eg. Normal bacterial flora

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3
Q

✔️or✖️
TORCH infections
Transmissed via the birth canal without causing congenital malformation in
the baby

A

✖️
Group B Streptococcus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Transmissed via the birth canal

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4
Q

directly bind to the sugar residues (glycolipids or
glycoproteins) on host cells.

A

Fimbriae or pili

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5
Q

Enhancement of virulence is known as

A

Exaltation

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6
Q

is the natural habitat in which the organism lives and multiplies.

A

reservoir

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7
Q

Infections occurring in hospitals are called

A

Nosocomial infections

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8
Q

Exchange of genetic information through a hollow tube from the donor cell (F+) to the recipient (F-) bacterial cell.

A

Conjugation
(One of Horizontal gene transfer types)

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9
Q

✔️or✖️
Vibrio cholerae carry one chromosomes

A

✖️
Two

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10
Q

virus that replicates inside a bacterial cell

A

bacteriophage

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11
Q

after entering the cell, the phage DNA,
rather than replicating autonomously, can integrate into the chromosome of the host cell (prophage).
and the phage DNA replicates as part of the host’s chromosome.

A

Temperate phage

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12
Q

In contrast to viral infection of vertebrate cells, in which the entire virus is taken up by the cell and its nucleic
acid is released intracellularly

The replicative cycle of prophage :

A

1-attachment of the phage to receptors
2-injection of the nucleic acid into the bacterial cell

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13
Q

What are Saprophytes

A

Free-living microbes that live on dead or decaying organic
matter. Normally not cause human infection

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14
Q

Infective dose of Shigella sps (cause dysentry) - 10 bacilli
✔️or✖️

A

✔️

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15
Q

is the entry of bacteria into host cells, leading to spread within the host tissues.

A

Invasion
(play role in bacterial pathogenicity)

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16
Q

Recount Mode of transmission

A

§ Contact eg. Sexual contact
§ Inhalation eg. secretions from the nose
§ Ingestion eg. Food borne infections
§ Inoculation eg. Animal bite
§ Blood borne infections eg. Needle prick
§ Vector borne – eg. Mosquitos
§ Ve r t i c a l transmission -(hereditary)

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17
Q

What is the reservoir of spores of Anthrax bacilli

A

Soil (Non living reservoir)

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18
Q

Reduction of virulence

A

Attenuation

19
Q

refers to person, animal, or object from which a microorganism is transmitted to the host.

A

Source of infection

20
Q

Define the Opportunistic pathogens

A

Microbes capable of causing disease only in immunocompromised people.

21
Q

are antibiotic like substance secreted by bacterium that inhibits
growth of other baceteria Eg. Colicin secreted by Escerichia coli

A

Bacteriocins

22
Q

Nonlysogenic bacteria can be made lysogenic by infection with a Virulent phage.
✔️or✖️

A

✖️
temperate phage.

23
Q

Transformation of DNA from one bacterium to another by a bacteriophage

A

Transduction (one type of Horizontal gene transfer)

24
Q

Recount The Applications Of Transduction
Give 1 Ex

A

Transfer drug resistance genes
(Ex.Plasmid coded pencillin resistance in Staphylococci)

Genetic engineering

25
Q

lysogenic conversion is

A

Acquisition bacteria of prophage properties

26
Q

transfer of bacteriocin producing genes
is the application of ….

A

Conjugation

27
Q

Mutation occur by mutagens such as :

A

(UV rays,
5 bromouracil,
alkylating agents)

28
Q

The Central Dogma of molecular biology is

A

DNA

29
Q

Plasmids are Intrachromosomal genetic elements .
✔️or✖️

A

✖️

Extra chromosomal elements

30
Q

What is the difference between

Fertility plasmid

Resistance plasmid

Col plasmid

A

-F- plasmid codes for sex pili
-R- plasmid code for resistance to antibiotics

  • Col plasmid codes for bacteriocin
31
Q

Give Ex for bacteriocin

A

Colicin
Which is secreted by Escerichia coli

32
Q

Infection of a bacterium results in the death of the cell by lysis

A

Virulent phage

33
Q

It consists of a piece of nucleic acid encapsulated in a protective protein coat.

A

bacteriophage (phage)

34
Q

Uptake of DNA from surrounding medium by bacterial cell &
incorporated into its chromosome

A

Transformation

35
Q

What the bacteria called when carry a prophage.

A

Lysogenic bacteria

36
Q

The association of prophage and bacterial cells is highly unstable
✔️or✖️

A

✖️
Stable

37
Q

Explain the destabilization steps of prophage and bacterial cells that occurs by various treatments such as exposure to ultraviolet light,

A

1- repression of prophage gene
2- excision of prophage from the host chromosome
3- production of progeny phage particles

38
Q

Define Parasites

A

Microbes that live on a host and derive ATP and harm the host

39
Q

Define Infection term

A

Process in which a pathogenic organism enters,
by invades the normal anatomical barrier of the host; resulting in disease

40
Q

Re-infection is

A

subsequent infection by the same microbe.

41
Q

Iatrogenic infections is

A

Infections induced during diagnosis or treatment

by physician or other health care workers

42
Q

Human reservoirs called

A

Carrier

43
Q

Bacterial toxins are of two types
List their names and characteristics

A

ENDOTOXINS :
- integral part of cell wall
- produced by gram +ive organisms
- heat liable
- can produce toxoids

EXOTOXINS :
- released from the cell
- produced by both gram organisms
- heat stable
- can’t produce toxoids

44
Q

Invasion produces two types of lesions
List them with their Ex

A

Generalized lesions – produced by highly invasive pathogens e.g. Streptococcus

Localised lesions – produced by less invasive pathogens e.g. Staphylococcus

Micro (6 decks)

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