Grains

Question 1

What is a cultivated grass, such as wheat, corn, rice and oats, which produces an edible seed?

Answer 1

Cereal

Question 2

True or False. When stored properly cereal is extremely resistant to deterioration during storage.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is present in “whole grain” cereal?

Answer 3

Endosperm, germ and bran

Question 4

When the germ and bran is removed from the kernel what type of grain is it?

Answer 4

Refined grain

Question 5

What is the USDA recommendation?

Answer 5

Make half of your grains whole!

Question 6

Where does sprouting begin?

Answer 6

Germ

Question 7

The germ makes up what percentage of the seed?

Answer 7

2.5%

Question 8

What part of the grain contains the highest lipid content?

Answer 8

Germ

Question 9

The high lipid content can lead to want?

Answer 9

Rancidity

Question 10

How might rancidity occur?

Answer 10

Enzyme or non enzymatic oxidation

Question 11

What part of the grain contains the highest protein content?

Answer 11

Endosperm

Question 12

What contains large amounts of B vitamins, trace minerals, and dietary fiber?

Answer 12

Bran

Question 13

Buckwheat and quinoa are examples of what?

Answer 13

Pseudocereals

Question 14

What is a pseudocereal?

Answer 14

Fruits or seeds of non-grass species that are consumed in a very similar way to cereals

Question 15

A whole grain product must contain __________ grams or more of whole grain per 30 grams of product according to the AACC

Answer 15

8

Question 16

True or False. According to the FDA or USDA, whole grain foods contain 51% or more whole grain ingredients by weight per reference amount customarily consumed.

Answer 16

True

Question 17

What is the limiting aa in cereals?

Answer 17

Lysine

Question 18

What makes up 7-14% of the grain?

Answer 18

Protein

Question 19

What do these flours have in common:
Wheat, rye, and barley?

Answer 19

Gluten forming potential

Question 20

Is glutenin soluble in water?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

Is gliadin soluble in water?

Answer 21

No

Question 22

Which protein component is soluble in 70% ethanol?

Answer 22

Gliadin

Question 23

Glutenin contributes what to gluten structure?

Answer 23

Toughness and rubberiness

Question 24

Gliaden contibes what to gluten structure?

Answer 24

Stickiness and tackiness

Question 25

What is an immune rxn to eating gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley and rye?

Answer 25

Celiac Disease

Question 26

What disease correlates to a damaged small intestine lining?

Answer 26

Celiac Disease

Question 27

What is the process of adding back nutrients lost in milling?

Answer 27

Enrichment

Question 28

What is the process of adding nutrients at levels beyond what was present in the original grain?

Answer 28

Fortification

Question 29

If protein content is high in flour what does it absorb?

Answer 29

The added water

Question 30

What factors affect the classification of wheat?

Answer 30

Season planted, texture and color

Question 31

High protein-starch bonds are suitable for what product?

Answer 31

Bread

Question 32

Low protein flour is suitable for what product?

Answer 32

Cakes and pastries

Question 33

What flour is the highest grade and the highest value?

Answer 33

Patent flour

Question 34

A combination of all the mill streams is called?

Answer 34

Straight grade

Question 35

Short-patent flour contains more _______ and is produced by combining fewer streams than the higher-protein, long patent flour.

Answer 35

Starch

Question 36

What is the remainder of flour, not incorporated into patent flour?

Answer 36

Clear flour

Question 37

How is flour classified?

Answer 37

Protein content

Question 38

What is another name for phosphated flour?

Answer 38

Self-rising flour

Question 39

What are the 2 methods to bleach flour?

Answer 39

Naturally by exposure to oxygen or by the addition of (chlorine dioxide gas or benzoyl peroxide)

Question 40

What is the maturing agent in matured flour?

Answer 40

Chlorine dioxide

Question 41

What type of flour uses grains that are grown without the application of synthetic herbicides and pesticides

Answer 41

Organic flour

Question 42

True or false. Unpolished rice is more subject to rancidity and favors deterioration.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

What is rice coated with?

Answer 43

A powder of thiamin and niacin

Question 44

What type of rice is high in amylose content?

Answer 44

Long grain

Question 45

Corn lacks what two essential aa?

Answer 45

Tryptophan and lysine

Question 46

What grain is used for malt production?

Answer 46

Barley

Question 47

Sorghum is typically used for what?

Answer 47

Animal feed

Question 48

Why are oats valued?

Answer 48

High protein and fat content

Question 49

What grain is highest in protein content?

Answer 49

Quinoa