Grade 10 Ap Exam Flashcards
Review how to do chemical formulas
Redo worksheets
Characteristics of ionic compounds
- Non metal + metal
- made of charged atoms
- called ionic bond
-high melting and boiling compared to covalent - good conductors
- soluble in water
-transfer electrons
Characteristics of molecular compounds
- Non metal + non metal
- uncharged atoms
- share electrons
- called covalent bond
-low boiling and melting point - poor electrical conductors
- insoluble in water
Characteristics of acids
-sour tasting
-very reactive
-release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
-do not feel slippery
-reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas
-reacts with carbonates to produce H2O and CO2
-conducts electricity
Characteristics of bases
- bitter tasting
-very reactive
-release hydroxide ions when dissolved in water - feels slippery
-doesn’t react with metals
-also called alkaline
-conducts electricity
Characteristics of metals
-conductivity
-luster
-malleability
-ductility
-density
-solid state
Characteristics of non metals
-insulation
-dull
-brittle
-low density
-gas,liquid, or solid at room temperature
Polyatomic ions
NO3-
CO3(-2)
ClO3-
SO4-(-2)
PO4(-3)
OH-
HCO3-
NH4+
CrO4(-2)
MnO4-
Rebels (chem)
CH4
NH3
H20
H2O2
Naming molecular compounds
1-mono
2-di
3-tri
4-tetra
5-penta
6-hexa
7-hepta
8-octa
9-nona
10-deca
What type of reaction is A+B=AB
Synthesis
What type pf reaction is AB=A+B
Decomposition
What type of reaction is A+BC=AC+B or E+DF=DE+F
Single displacement
What type of reaction is AB+CD=AD+CB
Double displacement
What is produced in complete combustion
CO2 and H2O
What is produced in incomplete combustion
CO2 and H2O and CO and C
Know how to do both types of Lewis dot diagrams
Redo worksheets
In the pH scale 0-7 is
Acid
In the pH scale 7-14 is
Base
When you go up or down the pH scale it is how many times more acid or basic?
10X
What is wavelength?
Distance from crest to crest
What is amplitude
The height of the wave from the rest position
What is frequency
The rate of repetition of a wave (Hz)
What is the crest
The highest point in the wave
What is the trough
The lowest point in the wave
Example of incandescent light
Easy bake ovens
Example of fluorescent light
Lights in the school
Example of phosphorescent light
Glow in the dark toys
Example of chimiluminescence
Glowstick
Example of bioluminescence
Fireflies and jellyfish
Example of tribolumonescence
Rubbing crystals together
Example of electric discharge
Lightning or neon sign
Key work when talking about LED
Semiconductor
What happens when the index of refraction (N) is high
Bend more
What happens when the index of refraction (N) is low
Bend less
When it goes from a high n to a low n it…
Speeds up and bends away form the normal
When it goes from a low n to a high n it…
Slows down and moves towards the normal
Review n=c/v
Redo worksheet
Review thin lens equations
Redo worksheet
Review snells law
Redo worksheet
Review magnification
Redo worksheet
Review ray diagrams for lens and mirrors
Redo worksheet
What is a smaller, inverted, real ray diagrams used for
Cameras
What is a larger, inverted, real lens used for
Movie projecters
What is a larger upright virtual lens used for
Magnifying glasses and reading glasses
ER spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest
Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, x-ray, gamma ray
Visible spectrum from longest wavelength to shortest
Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet
What organelle is a jelly like substance that fills the cell and surrounds the organelles
Cytoplasm
What organelle is the protective barrier around the cell that allows for different substances to move through it
Cell membrane
What organelle is the control centre of the cell
Nucleus
What organelle contains pores to transport materials in and out
Nuclear envelope or nuclear membrane
What organelle is in charge of making proteins
Ribosomes
What organelle stores nutrients, waste, and other substances used by the cell
Vacuole
What organelle transports substances throughout the cell
Vesicles
What organelle supply’s energy to the cell
Mitochondria
What organelle carries materials throughout the cell (made of a series of interconnected tubes)
Endoplasmic reticulum
What organelle has ribosomes attached to it
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
What organelle produces fats and oils and does not have ribosomes
Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
What organelle modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for storage
Golgi apparatus
What organelle is an internal network of fibres that maintains the cells shape
Cytoskeleton
What organelle is involved in animal cell division
Centrioles
What organelle is where digestion occurs, filled with enzymes, breaks down bacteria
Lysosomes
What protein speeds up chemical reactions
Enzymes
What organelle is a rigid frame that provides strength, protection, and support
Cell wall
What organelle contains chlorophyll
Chloroplasts
What is the green substance that uses energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar and O2
Chlorophyll
What is the little sacs stacked like coins that act as solar collectors
Thylakoids
What is the fluid that surrounds the thylakoids
Stroma
What is a stack of thylakoids called
Granum
Respiratory system pathway
Nose/mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Capillaries
What are arteries
Thick walled vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to tissues
What are veins
Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
Veins
Thinner walls
Contains valves
What happens in interphase
Cell grows
Makes copy’s of DNA
What happens in prophase
Spindle fibres form
Nucleus membrane breaks down
Chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Centrioles move to opposite poles
What happens in metaphase
Spindle fibres move chromosomes towards the middle and lines them up
What happens in anaphase
Spindle fibres contract and shorten and pull the sister chromatids apart at the centromere
The spindle fibres pull the chromatids to each end of the cell (poles)
What happens in telophase
Cell membrane pinches in
Splits the cytoplasm better the two cells (cytokineses)
The nuclei reforms
Spindle fibres disappear
Chromosome uncoils into chromatin
In plant- cell plate forms
What is a cancer cell
A cell that divides uncontrollably
What are the 4 animal tissues
Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nervous
What is epithelial tissue
Lines body cavities and outer surfaces
Protects structures and forms glands that produce hormones, enzymes, and sweat
What is connective tissue
Supports and protects structures
Fills an empty space
What is muscle tissue
Allows for movement
What is nervous tissue
Responds to stimuli and transmits and stores information
Receives information from inside and outside the body
What are tissues (the definition)
A group if cells that function together to preform specialized tasks
What is an organ
A group of tissues that preform a specific function
What is an organ system
A group of organs that work together to carry out specific duties in the body
What is homeostasis
A thing that ur body constantly undergoes to keep it at a steady state
Ex: goose bumps, sweat, shivers
Path of blood
Right atrium
Tricuspid
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Inferior and superior vena cava
What is a stem cell
Unspecialized cell
Embryonic stem cells- found in embryos
Adult stem cells- found in blood, skin, neural tissue
What system is this “contains white blood cells,thymus,lymph notes, and lymph vessels. Protects the body from disease. Absorbs and transports fats”
Lymphatic
What system filters waste products from the blood and maintains the proper levels of water and electrolytes in the body
Excretory system
What contains glands that secrete mucus and saliva
Mouth
What moves food to the back of the throat
Tounge
What moves food along
Esophagus
What is the rhythmic contractions and relaxations of the smoothie muscles
Peristalsis
What is the thin lid like flap that is attached to the root of the tounge
Epiglottis
What is another name for the voice box
Layrnx
What churns food and mixes it with the digestive juices and enzymes
Stomach
Where are most of the nutrients absorbed in the digestive system
Small intestine
Where does the absorption of water take place in the digestive system
Large intestine
Where is solid waste stored in the digestive system
Rectum
Where does the solid waste exit through in the digestive system
Anus
What secrets bile in the digestive system
Liver
What breaks up fat to aid absorption
Bile
What stores the bile in the digestive system
Gallbladder
What secretes pancreatic juice in the digestive system
Pancreas
Climate is affected by…
-latitude
-elevation
-the air masses that flow over an area
-the area nearness to large bodies of water
What is it called when you are not touching something and it emits radiant energy
Radiation
What is it when you are touching a solid and it transfers thermal energy without moving the particles to a new location
Conduction
What is it when two liquids transfer thermal energy and the particles move from one location to another
Convection
What is a measure of the ability of a gas to trap thermal energy in the atmosphere over a specified time
Global warming potential
What is the length of time the gas remains in the atmosphere
Persistance
What is the enhancement of the natural greenhouse effect due to human activities
Anthropogenic greenhouse effect
What is it called when some of the solar radiation that is absorbed by Earth’s surface is re-emitted into the atmosphere as thermal energy and absorbed by clouds and gases
Natural greenhouse effect
What are the greenhouse gasses
CO2
CH4
NO
Review how to read a climatograph
Look at the climatograph assignment
Effects of climate change
Heatwaves
Drought
Wildfires
Storms
Floods
What is the Coriolis effect
Causes moving air to turn right in the northern hemisphere and left in the southern hemisphere
What is the temperate coniferous biome
Up to 1000mm/year of precipitation
Warm, damp summers and mild wet winters
Organisms: tall coniferous trees, vultures, coyotes, black bears, grizzly bears, lynx
Located in Vancouver or the west coast
What is the temperate deciduous forest biome
South of the boreal forest
Deciduous trees (oaks and maples)
Moderate tempatures and less snowfall
Faster decomposition
Different types of plants and animals
Most precipitation
Organisms: shrubs, ferns, squirrels, insects, deer, birds
What is the boreal biome
Located in every province south of the tundra
Dominated by conifers
Harsh climate, rapid temperature changes
More precipitation then the tundra
Acidic soil
Organisms:coniferous trees, seed eating birds, squirrels, voles, deer
Causes of climate change and global warming
-burning coals
-deforestation
- increased livestock farming
-fertilizer
-coal mining
What are the four layers in the atmosphere
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
What layer of the atmosphere can support life, is where weather takes place, and contains almost all the atmospheric dust
Troposphere
What layer of the atmosphere contains very little moisture but has the highest ozone concentration
Stratosphere
What layer of the atmosphere has very little gas and has thin air and low pressure
Mesosphere
What layer of the atmosphere has very little gas and has thin air and low pressure
Mesosphere
What layer of the atmosphere absorbed x-rays/gamma rays coming from the sun, has a high temperature, where the auroras are, and has very little gas
Thermosphere
