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Ap Science > BIO QUIZ #2 GRADE 10 > Flashcards

BIO QUIZ #2 GRADE 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the main goal of the cell cycle?

A

The main goal of the cell cycle is for the cell to divide to create new cells and repair damaged cells. GROW AND REPAIR

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2
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a section of DNA that carries information for a particular trait.

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3
Q

How many genes are there in every cell of the human body?

A

There are about 29 to 30 thousand genes in every cell of the human body.

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4
Q

What forms a chromosome?

A

DNA and proteins form a chromosome.

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5
Q

How many chromosomes do humans have in each body cell?

A

Humans have 46 chromosomes in each body cell.

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: A gene is involved in carrying information for a particular _______.

A

[trait]

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7
Q

True or False: The cell cycle is only for creating new cells.

A

False

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8
Q

What is chromatin?

A

The unravelled condensed structure of DNA that will condense and thicken to form chromosomes before cell division

Chromatin is essential for DNA packaging and regulation of gene expression.

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9
Q

What is the center of a chromosome called?

A

Centromere

The centromere plays a crucial role during cell division as it is the attachment point for spindle fibers.

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10
Q

What are sister chromatids?

A

Two identical halves of a double stranded chromosome, consisting of the original DNA and a copy

Sister chromatids are formed during DNA replication in the S phase of interphase.

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11
Q

What phase of the cell cycle does a cell spend most of its time in?

A

Interphase

Interphase is crucial for cell growth and preparation for division.

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12
Q

List the three phases of interphase.

A
  • First Growth Phase (G1)
  • Synthesis Phase (S)
  • Second Growth Phase (G2)

Each phase has specific functions essential for preparing the cell for mitosis.

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13
Q

What occurs during the First Growth Phase (G1)?

A

The cell produces new proteins and organelles

G1 is critical for cell growth and metabolic activity.

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14
Q

What happens during the Synthesis Phase (S)?

A

The cell makes an entire copy of the DNA and key proteins are produced

DNA replication is essential for ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

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15
Q

What is the role of the Second Growth Phase (G2)?

A

The cell produces the organelles and structures needed for cell division

G2 ensures that the cell is fully prepared for mitosis.

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16
Q

What is the first stage of mitosis?

A

Prophase

Prophase is characterized by the condensation of chromatin into chromosomes.

17
Q

What happens during prophase?

A
  • The chromatin condenses into chromosomes
  • The nucleolus and nuclear membrane disintegrate
  • The centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell
  • The spindle fibres form

These changes facilitate the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.

18
Q

What occurs during metaphase?

A

The spindle fibres move the chromosomes toward the middle of the cell and line them up

This alignment is crucial for the accurate separation of sister chromatids.

19
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A
  • The spindle fibres contract and shorten
  • The sister chromatids are pulled apart at the centromere
  • The chromatids are pulled to each end of the cell (the poles)

Anaphase ensures that each daughter cell receives an equal number of chromosomes.

20
Q

What are the final stages of mitosis called?

A

Telophase and Cytokinesis

These stages involve the reformation of the nuclear membrane and the division of the cytoplasm.

21
Q

What is the process called that splits the cytoplasm between two cells?

A

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis occurs after mitosis and results in two separate daughter cells.

22
Q

What happens to the chromatids during interphase?

A

Chromatids uncoil into chromatin

This change prepares the genetic material for the next cell cycle.

23
Q

What occurs to the spindle fibers during the final stages of cell division?

A

The spindle fibers disappear

This occurs as the cell completes division and prepares for interphase.

24
Q

In plant cells, what structure forms to create the cell wall and inner cell membrane in each new cell?

A

Cell plate

The cell plate forms as a precursor to the new cell wall in plant cells.

25
Q

What happens to the nuclei in each new cell after division?

A

The nuclei in each new cell reform

This is essential for the new cells to have their own genetic material.

26
Q

What is the first phase of the cell cycle after cell division?

A

Interphase

Each new cell enters interphase to begin the cycle anew.

27
Q

True or False: The cell membrane pinches inward to split the cell into two cells.

A

True

This pinching action is a key part of cytokinesis.

28
Q

Differences

A

Shape
Cell plate forms in plant cells
No centrioles in plant cells

Ap Science (7 decks)

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