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Geography > Gr. 9 Work > Flashcards

Gr. 9 Work Flashcards

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1
Q

What is soil erosion?

A

A naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil erosion refers to the wearing away of the field’s topsoil by the natural physical forces.

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2
Q

What is sustainable farming?

A

Farming that tries to sustain farmers, resources and communities by practicing methods that are profitable, environmentally sound and good for the community.

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3
Q

What is sustainable agriculture?

A

Agriculture that is economically viable (profitable), socially supportive (helps workers) and ecologically sound (preserves resources).

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4
Q

In what 4 ways can agricultural activities cause erosion?

A

Moving the topsoil in preparation for planting crops

Ploughing down steep slopes

Cutting down vegetation to farm

Grazing/ deforestation

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5
Q

What do we call areas where animals and farming equipment/ vehicles use the same accustomed pattern of movement?

A

Zones of compaction

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6
Q

Remember to do

A

The mining

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7
Q

What are glaciers?

A

Moving ice

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8
Q

How can glaciers cause erosion?

A

Abrasion and plucking

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9
Q

How does abrasion occur?

A

Rocks carried in the ice scrape the bedrock.

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10
Q

How does plucking occur?

A

Ice pulls off pieces of bedrock.

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11
Q

What 3 features can be found near glaciers?

A

Cirques

Arêtes

Horns

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12
Q

What is a cirque?

A

A bowl-like depression at the head of a glacier valley.

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13
Q

What is an arête?

A

A narrow ridge

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14
Q

What is a horn?

A

A peak in a pyramidal shape formed by cirques eroding 3 or more sides of a mountain.

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15
Q

What are drumlins?

A

Smooth, oval-shaped hills rising from till plains.

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16
Q

What is till?

A

Deposits of boulder clay or other sediments from a glacier.

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17
Q

What is moraine?

A

Till deposited along the edges of a glacier.

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18
Q

What 3 types of moraine do you get and what are they?

A

Terminal moraine-deposited at the end of
the glacier.

Lateral moraine-deposited in a thin line of
debris along the sides

Medial moraine-lateral moraines of two glaciers
merge.

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19
Q

What is a till plain?

A

A flat deposit of till where an ice sheet that separated from the glacier has melted.

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20
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

A community of interacting organisms and their environment.

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21
Q

What is erosion?

A

The process whereby weathered rock pieces and soil are moved from one place to another.

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22
Q

What is food security?

A

A country produces enough products to export them, and then uses the income to import the products it needs.

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23
Q

Non-renewable resources

A

Natural resources that can’t be reproduced, grown or regenerated, and that can run out.

24
Q

What are renewable resources?

A

Resources with the ability to reproduce through biological or natural processes and which will not run out.

25
Q

What is over-fishing?

A

Catching large, unlimited amounts of fish which leads to reduced amounts of fish over time.

26
Q

What is over-grazing?

A

Abusing the soil by allowing animals to graze on the same area.

27
Q

What are needs?

A

Things we require in order to survive. 🍞💧

28
Q

What are wants?

A

Things that make our lives more comfortable, but we do not need them to survive. 🚗🎮🛌

29
Q

What does it mean to replenish?

A

To bring back to how much there was before.

30
Q

What does depleted mean?

A

Used up/ all finished so that nothing is left.

31
Q

What does perpetual mean?

A

Going on forever

32
Q

What does conventional mean?

A

Common/ commonly used

33
Q

What are metal ores ?

A

Metals (minerals) below the earth’s surface

34
Q

What are fossil fuels?

A

Items such as oil, coal and gas that take millions of years to form within the earth from dead animals and plants.

35
Q

What is aquifer?

A

Underground water

36
Q

What are the 3 types of resources?

A

Perpetual natural resources ☀️🌊

Conventional resources 🐟

Non-renewable resources 💎

37
Q

What are conventional renewable resources?

A

Resources that can be depleted if not used wisely. 🐟

38
Q

What are non-renewable resources?

A

Resources that can’t be renewed. 💎

39
Q

What are perpetual resources?

A

Resources that will go on forever. 🌊☀️

40
Q

What is resource depletion?

A

When raw materials are used up.

41
Q

In what 6 ways do we deplete?

A
  1. Poor farming methods
  2. Pollution
  3. Mining
  4. Lack of control over use of resources
  5. Wasting resources
  6. Not replanting trees and plants
42
Q

What are 3 effects of over-fishing?

A

Reduces amount of food 🍽

Unemployment 👷🏾

Harms many marine animals 🐬

43
Q

How long are gill nets?

A

40-60km

44
Q

About how much of the fish/ marine animals killed by gill nets can be used?

A

50%

45
Q

How can over-grazing be fixed?

A

Rotational grazing

46
Q

What is sustainable use of resources?

A

Improving the management of natural resources.

47
Q

What organization educates South Africans about what types of fish can be eaten?

A

South Africa Sustained Seafood Initiative

SASSI

48
Q

What can encourage sustainable fishing?

A

Limiting the amount (quota) or size of fish caught.

49
Q

Look at

A

Carbon footprint 👣

50
Q

What is food security?

A

Having enough food for each person to meet their nutritional needs every day

51
Q

What is the daily energy supply in South Africa?

A

2 950 calories per person.

52
Q

What are 3 sustainable farming methods?

A

No-till farming: working the soil only once.

Crop rotation: alternating the type of crop in a
certain area.

Companion planting: using plants to assist each
each other by repelling pests
that feed on plant roots.

53
Q

What are genetically modified crops?

A

Crops that are altered genetically

                   😝
54
Q

How are crops genetically altered?

A

A gene from one plant is inserted into the DNA of another.

55
Q

Name 4 advantages of genetically modified crops.

A

✔️ Resistant to pests

✔️ Increased nutritional value

✔️ Increased food production by increased
resilience.

✔️ Can help to prevent diseases in crops and
livestock.

56
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of genetically modified crops?

A

❌ Can lead to mutated species which could
threaten natural systems.

❌ Risk of unethical experimentation.

❌ Can negatively impact the environment,
e.g. Pests becoming immune to GM crops.

❌ Can cause medical or health implications.

Geography (12 decks)

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