Gr. 10, Physics Flashcards
What are the 5 lables in a lightwave
Amplitude
Frequency
Wavelength
Crest
Trough
What are the two types of feilds in the electromagnetic wave?
magnetic feild (B)
Electric feild (E)
How fast is the speed of light?
3.0 x10 8 m/s
What are EM waves built up with?
Photons
Of radio waves, Gamma rays, infrared, x-rays, microwaves and ultra violet rays, which ones are short wavelengths and which ones are big?
Big - Radio waves, Inrared, Microwaves
Small - Ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays
What is the spectrum the light rays are ranked called?
Electromagnetic spectrum
The shorter or the longer the wavelengths, the more energy?
Shorter
What is white light?
A combination of all colours on the colour spectrum
What are the two broad catagories of light?
Incandescent - Electric current passes through a flammable wire and produces heat
Luminescent - electric light runs through a gas and produces a UV light
What is Chemiluminescence?
What is Bioluminescence?
What is Triboluminescence?
Chemiluminescence - production of light through a chemical reaction without heat
Bioluminescence - a plant or animals ability to produce light
Triboluminescence - The production of light through friction
In a convex mirror : A ray that is parallel to the Principal Axis will reflect through the _________
focal point
In a convex mirror : A ray goes through the focal point will reflect ____________
Parallel to the Principle Axis
In a convex mirror : A ray that passes through the center of curvature will _______
Reflect back on itself
The image appears where the _________
reflected rays intersect
In a concave mirror : A ray parallel to the Principal Axis will _________
Reflect as though it came from the focal point, (on the otherside of the mirror)
In a concave mirror : a ray aimed for the focal point will __________
Reflects along the Principal Axis
In a concave mirror : A ray aimed for the center of curvature will_______
Reflect along itself
If the image is behind the mirror in a reflection it is _______
Virtual
What does SALT represent?
Size - Bigger or smaller
Attitude - Upright or inverted
Location - Infront or behind mirror
Type - Virtual or real
What is dispersion?
The refraction of white light into different colours
What two things do the angle of refraction depend on?
The two different mediums
The angle of inception
Oi =
Or =
Oi = angle of incidence
Or = angle of refraction
What is the critical angle?
What is the phenominon called?
Critical angle - The angle at which the angle of refraction is at 90
This phenominon is called Total Internal Reflection
Total internal reflection only happens when light travels through a medium ______
MORE dense to a medium that is LESS dense
What is a lens?
transparent material which refracts light rays to form an image
What are the two type sof lenses?
Convex (Converging) & Concave (Diverging)
In a lens the real image appears _____ the mirror
behind
F =
di =
do =
F = focal length
di = image distance
do = object distance
M =
hi =
ho =
M = magnification
hi = image height
ho = object height
If F is positive the lens is
if di is posotive then the image is
If hi is posotive then the image is
Convex
real
upright
Refraction- light bends or changes direction at the ______ between two media
Boundary
The beam in the first medium is called the ___
The beam in the second medium is called the ___
Incident ray
refracted ray
When light travels from a less dense material to a more dense one, the light bends ______ the normal
Towards = Angle of incidence is greater than angle of refraction
When light strikes a surface along the perpendicular, the angle of incidence is _______ along with the angle of refraction.
0
Snell’s law describes the___________
relationship between the angle of incedence and angle of refraction
n =
Index of refraction
What is the index of refraction for, water, vacume and air
Water = 1.33
Air = 1.0003
Vacume = 1.00
Optical density determines
how much energy is being absorbed and re-emmited in a medium
The higher the optical density, the _________ the light wave travels
slower the light wave
as the optical density increases, the value of N ____
increases
What is the equation for the index refraction / speed of light?
n material = C ÷ V material
A light wave is transporting ________
When light hits a boundary some energy is
________ to the new medium, some energy
is ________.
Energy
Transmitted
Reflected
Total internal reflection occurs when all light is
reflected, and there is no ________
This can only occur when light travels from a
_____ density to a _____ density
Refracted ray
Higher - Lower
What is the equation for calculating the critical angle?
nr sinϴr = ni sinϴi
Why are dimonds sparkely?
Because all the light rays are internally reflected
How do fiber optic cables transmit information?
Through pulses of light similar to morsecode.
What are fiber optic cables used for?
Telecomunications
What are mirages caused by?
Refraction of light in the
Earth’s atmosphere.
How are mirages created?
There is a hot layer of air with a cold layer of air overtop of it. Light travels faster through hot air, this increase of speed causes a bending of the light rays.
are mirages upside down or rightside up?
Upside down
The separation of light into its spectrum is
called ______
dispertion
Red light is bent the _____, while violet light is
bent the _____.
Least, most
The index of refraction depends on the ______ or ______ of light.
color,or frequency, of light.
What are the two laws of reflection?
The angle of incidence (ϴi) = The angle of reflection (ϴr)
The incident ray, the reflected ray, and the
normal all lie in the same plane.
If parallel incident rays hit a flat reflective surface the angles of refraction will be ______, If parallel rays hit a rough surface the reflected rays will all be_____. This is a ______
the same
different
diffuse reflection
REFLECTION =
the bouncing back
of light rays from a surface
Real image is -
Virtual image is -
real = the image infront of the mirror
virtual = the image within the mirror
A ray that strikes perpendicular to the mirror
surface reflects ______
reflects perpendicular to the mirror.(The
reflected ray is extended beyond the mirror.)
A ray that strikes the mirror on an angle reflects ______
At the angle of reflection. (this goes beyond the mirror)
what are the three types of mirror?
Plane (Flat)
Concave (converging / makes image larger)
Convex (diverging / makes image smaller)
Why is the word AMBULANCE written reversed?
Because a plane mirror reverses left to right.
what are the 4 main structures of an eye?
Cornea
Aqueous humor
Lens
Vitreous humor
Cornea -
Outer structure of eye
Protects iris and pupil
Aqueous Humor -
Clear liquid
Helps maintain pressure in the eye
Lens -
Behind the opening of the pupil
Elastic - can change its shape to
accomodate
Vitreous Humor -
Transparent jelly fluid
Makes up most of the eye
The image is received by the _____
Retina
Retina -
Inner layer of the eye
made up of rods and cones
rods =
cones =
Sensitive to dim light (B/W)
Sensitive to daylight (Colour)
The image formed on the retina is ____ by the
converging lens of the eye
Inverted
The image is carried through the retina to the ______
Opticnerve
The light rays travel through -
Eye (cornea 🡪 aqueous humor 🡪 lens 🡪 vitreous humor)
🡪 Retina
🡪 Brain
higher index of refraction = _____ speed
slower speed
