Chemistry Unit test Flashcards
What is a Element?
What is a Compound?
What is a Molecule?
- Element is a pure substance that cannot be further broken down
- Compound is a pure substance made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
- A molecule is a particle made up of two or more of the same element.
What is a diatomic element, whats the acronym
A diatomic element is an element that needs to be in pairs to be more stable. HOFBrINCl
What is an ionic compound? What is a molecular compound? HWat type of bond does a molecular compound form?
An ionic compound is formed when a metal and non metal transfer valence electrons. A molecular compound is when two or more non-metals share electrons. This forms a covalent bond.
Which of these is the correct name for the molecular compound : SF6
- Monosulfur hexafluordie
- Sulfur Hexafluoride
- Sulfur Fluoride
What are the chemical formulas for these acceptions.
1 Hydrogen Peroxide 2 Water 3 Ozone 4 Methane 5 Ammonia 6
- H2O2 2. H2O 3. O3 4. CH4 5. NH3
What are the five indicators of a chemical reaction?
Colour change
Bubbling occurs
Heat or Light is given off or absorbed
A precipitate (solid) forms when two liquids are mixed.
Difficult to reverse
What is the number used to balance a reaction called?
A coefficient
What is the law concervation of mass?
The law concervation of mass states that no atoms can be created nor destroyed in a reaction.
What is a ion?
A charged atom that has given or taken electrons
A atom that GIVES electrons becomes a ______ charged ion
A atom that TAKES electrons becomes a _______ charged ion
positivly
negativly
In an ionic compound the metal _____ the electrons
In an ionic compound the non metal _______ the electrons
Metal gives
Non metal takes
These ions form ___________ ___________
Crystal Structures
Can ionic compounds be reduced?
Yes
What is a multivalent element?
An element that can have more than one charge
What are the type of chemical reactions?
Combustion
Single displacement reaction
Double displacement reaction
Decomposition
Synthesis
What three things do combustion reactions require?
Fuel (HydroCarbon) - Heat - Oxygen
What are the two products of combustion reaction?
CO2 and water
What is a synthesis reaction?
When the product is the reactants added together
What is a decomposition reaction?
When a compound is seperated into its components
WHat are the two exceptions for decompostition reactions?
Carbonates decompose into CO2 and metal oxide
Chlorates decompose into oxygen gas and metal chloride
A metal needs to be _______ on the activity series from the metal in the compound for a single dispaplacement reaction
higher
What is an acid?
An acid is a substanc e that when reacted with water create hydrogen atoms
What is a binary acid?
Contains a hydrogen with a non-metal element
What is a oxidizing acid
Contains hydrogen with a polyatomic ion
How do you name a binary acid?
You find the element name for the non-metal.
Add the prefix hydro-.
Change the ending to -ic acid.
What do you need to put in order to make HCl an acid?
(aq)
What is a base?
A base is a substance that when reacting with water will produce hydroxide ions
What does pH stand for?
Power of hydrogens
The pH scale rangers from :
0 - 14
pH < 7
pH = 7
pH > 7
is an acidic solution, more H1+ in solution
is a neutral solution, equal amounts of H1+ and OH1- in solution
is a basic solution, more OH- in a solution
How much more acidic is :
8 - 5
4 - 2
1000
100
What is a pH indicator?
A pH indicator is a substance that changes colour depending on the acidity of the solution.
Acid will turn litmus paper -
Base will turn litmus paper -
Red
Blue
What are some properties of an acid?
Sour
Corrosive
Conductive
pH less than 7
Turns litmus paper red
Reactive
Produces hydrogen ions
What are some properties of a base?
Bitter
Corrosive
Conductive
pH more than 7
Turns litmus paper blue
Not reactive
Produces hydroxide ions
What does a chemical formula tell us?
the type of atoms present
the number of atoms present
the type of compound
What are metalic bonds?
Bonds formed by two metals, electrons are shared freely through each of the metal atoms
Acids typically react with metals to produce ________
Hydrogen
An acid + carbonate produces
CO2 + H2O + Product
If the polyatomic acid ends in ate then it turns into __ ____
If the polyatomic acid ends in ite then it turns into ___ ____
ic acid
ous acid
Acid + Base –>
Water + Ionic compound
What is lime/Ca(OH)2 used for?
To neutralize soil and bodys of water
What is the formula for acid rain?
NOx + H2O –> HNOx (SOx + H2O –> HSO)
