GP

Question 1

Defintion: equity

Answer 1

Abscence of unfair and avoidable differences in health among the population - “creating an even playing field” i.e adjusting for disadvantages groups

Question 2

Definition: equality

Answer 2

Equal access for all patients

Question 3

There’d domains of public heath

Answer 3

1. Healthcare improvement - reducing inequalities
2. Health protection - minimise and control disease risk
3. Health care - delivering safe services

Question 4

Examples of health improvement

Answer 4

Improving:
-education
-housing
-lifestyles e.g diet, exercise

Question 5

Examples of health protection

Answer 5

Minimising issues to do with
-chemicals
-radiation
-environamental health
-emergency response

Question 6

What is primary prevention in public health

Answer 6

Trying to avoid or remove the cause of a health problem before it arises
e.g recreational substance misuse give education

Question 7

What is secondary prevention for public health

Answer 7

Preventing progression of health problem at an early stage
e.g substance abuse providing needles that are safe

Question 8

What is tertiary prevention public health

Answer 8

Preventing worst outcome or complications from a health problem

E.g diabetes check insulin regularly and check feet for ulcers

Question 9

Difference between horizontal and vertical equity

Answer 9

Horizontal -people with equal needs should be treated the same

Vertical - people with greater clinical needs should have more intervention

Question 10

What are the three approaches to health assessment

Answer 10

Epidemiological

Corporate

Comparative

Question 11

What is an epidemiological approach to health needs

Answer 11

Considering the illness in terms of things like incidence, prvelance and mortality

Question 12

What is a corporate approach to health needs

Answer 12

Getting a Systematic collection of knowledge and views from people working in health e.g GPs

Question 13

What is a comparative approach to health needs

Answer 13

comparing health performance across or between communities, disease groups + service providers.

Question 14

Definition: domestic abuse

Answer 14

incidents of controlling, coercive, threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are:
intimate partners
family members
Regardless of sexuality or gender

Question 15

What the framework questions for domestic abuse

Answer 15

HARK - in the last year have you been?

Humiliation: humiliated or emotionally abused in other ways by your partner?

•Afraid: “In the last year have you been afraid of your partner or ex-partner?

•Rape: “In the last year have you been raped by your partner or forced to have any kind of sexual activity?”

•Kick: In the last year have you been physically hurt by your partner?

Question 16

What is the health belief model

Answer 16

A model that claims people will change if:

• Believe they are susceptible to the condition in question

• Believe that it has serious consequences

• Believe that taking action reduces susceptibility

• Believe that the benefits of taking action outweigh the cost

Question 17

Cons of the health belief model

Answer 17

• alternative factors may predict health behaviour such as a persons own belief in their ability to carry out preventative measure

-model doesnt take into account emotional or behavioural influence

-model doesnt differentiate between first time and repeat behaviour

Question 18

What this theory of planned behaviour

Answer 18

A model that proposes that the Best predictor of behaviour is INTENTION which is determined by :

-persons attitude
-perceived social presssure/ subjective norm
-persons belief in their own ability to perform the behaviour

Question 19

Cons of theory of planned behaviour

Answer 19

-lack of temporal element and causality

-doesnt take into account emotions such as fear which may disrupt rational decision making

-doesnt take into account habits and routine which bypass cognitive deliberation

-you cant measure or assume subjective norms

Question 20

Stages of trans theoretical model

Answer 20

• Precontemplation– no intention of giving up smoking

• Contemplation – beginning to consider giving up, probably at some
ill-defined time in the future

• Preparation – getting ready to quit in the near future

• Action – engaged in giving up smoking now

• Maintenance – steady non-smoker,
i.e. state of change reached

Question 21

Advantages of trans theoretical model

Answer 21

• Acknowledges individual stages
of readiness (tailored
interventions)

• Accounts for relapse

• Temporal element

Question 22

Cons of trans theoretical model

Answer 22

-Not all people go through very stage, some people move backwards and forwards or miss
some stages out completely

• Change might operate on a
continuum rather than in discrete
stages

• Doesn’t take in to account values,
habits, emotions, culture, social
and economic factors

• People often change their
behaviour in the absence of
planning/ intentions can change
over a very short time period