GP Flashcards
What can be used in an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
What drugs can be used to aid alcohol abstinence?
disulfram - severe reaction to alcohol
acamprosate - reduces craving
What can be used in an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
What can be used in a paracetamol overdose?
Activated charcoal if ingested < 1 hour ago
N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
What is the classic triad of diabetic ketoacidosis?
- Acidaemia (metabolic acidosis & hyperkalaemia)
- Hyperglycaemia
- Ketonaemia
What can be used to reverse the action of LMWH and unfractionated heparin?
Protamine
What deficiency causes haemophilia A?
factor VIII
What deficiency causes haemophilia B?
Factor IX
What will show on the blood tests in haemophilia?
prolonged APTT
bleeding time, thrombin time, prothrombin time normal
What can be used in the long-term management of sickle-cell anaemia to prevent a crisis?
Hydroxyurea
increases the HbF levels
What is used to diagnose sickle cell anaemia?
haemoglobin electrophoresis
What is the cause of sickle cell anaemia?
Autosomal recessive condition HbSS
Sickle cell trait = carrier (HbAS)
What is the stepwise management for COPD in patients that are steroid responsive (asthmatic features/atopic illness/variation in FEV1)?
Step 1: SABA or SAMA
Step 2: SABA + LABA + ICS
Step3: SABA+LABA+ICS+LAMA
What is the stepwise management for COPD in patients that are NOT steroid responsive?
Step 1: SABA or SAMA
Step 2: SABA + LABA + LAMA
How do you treat a peptic ulcer?
Lifestyle modifications + lansoprazole + clarithromycin + metronidazole
When should bone protection be offered to steroid users?
≥65 and on long-term steroids should be offered bone protection (alendrotnic acid)
How do you diagnose pre-diabetes?
Fasting glucose 6.1 ≤ mol < 7
OGTT 2-hour 7.8 ≤ mol < 11.1
How do you diagnose diabetes?
If the patient is symptomatic:
Fasting glucose < 7
OGTT or random < 11.1
If asymptomatic must get two confirmed readings; on different occasions
What is the first line management of HPTN?
Over 55 or black African/Caribbean = CCB (Amlodipine)
Under 55 & white or T2DM = ACEi (Ramipril)
What is the second line management of HPTN?
Add either ACEi or CCB (in black African/Caribbean use ARB rather than ACEi - candesartan)
What is third line management of HTPN?
CCB (Amlodipine) + ACEi (Ramipril) or ARB (candesartan) + Thiazide like diuretic (Indapamide)
