Govt recommendations Flashcards
Where can you find Government Recommendations?
PHE, FSA, specific regulatory bodies (royal college of physicians), NHS and charity websites, SCAN and NDNS
when is a healthy diet important in pregnancy
-A healthy varied diet is important both before conception ro the father as well) and during pregnancy.
-DRV for EI during pregnancy is an extra 837kJ (200 kcal)/day during the third trimester only (NICE 2010, Energy).
-Achieve a healthy body weight prior to conception (also the father). One in five pregnant women now obese entering pregnancy.
-Dieting not recommended during pregnancy and excessive weight gain should be avoided.
what nutrient is important pre-conception
-reduces risk of neural tube defects
-introduce mandatory fortification of staples like flour in more than 80 countries
-Sept 2021 UK govt announced mandatory fortification of non-wholemeal wheat flour with folic acid
what important nutrients are needed in pregnancy
iron, calcium, omega 3 fatty acids
what is the importance of iron in pregnancy
Iron requirements higher in pregnancy:
-Supplementation not routinely advised as the body becomes more efficient at absorbing iron as pregnancy progresses.
-Lack of menstruation – body retains iron stores.
-Eat a healthy varied diet and iron rich foods such as meat, eggs, beans, nuts, dark green vegetables and fortified foods (such as some breakfast cereals).
-Vitamin C helps absorb iron from plant sources but is blocked by Calcium ( consider the impact of adding milk or milk alternatives to a spinach smoothie).
what is importance of calcium in pregnancy
-Development of baby’s bones and maintenance of mother’s bones.
-Calcium demands are higher in latter stages of pregnancy.
-Body adapts and absorbs more calcium from foods consumed.
-Dairy foods – milk, cheese, yoghurt (higher bioavailability); naturally, low-fat varieties where possible.
what is importance of omega 3 fatty acids in pregnancy
-DHA in oily fish needed for brain development
-2 portions oily fish per week
what should be avoided in pregnancy
-Alcohol: Women who are pregnant or are trying for a baby are advised to stop drinking alcohol. UK Gov. deems the safest option to avoid alcohol. If planning a pregnancy, reducing alcohol before is recommended.
-Caffeine intake during pregnancy should be limited to 200 mg/day.2 mugs of instant coffee a day or around 3 mugs of tea per day
-Raw fish/shellfish and unpasteurised milk products (Salmonella/Listeria risk).
-Shark/Marlin/Swordfish (bioaccumulation of toxins).
-Non-diet, but to stop smoking as well.
-Pregnancy SPECIFIC multivitamins are recommended to ensure accurate dosing.
-Vit A- supplements with over 700mcg/day and liver products should be avoided
what are the requirements for infants
-Breastfeeding is the optimal method of infant feeding and exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first 6 months
-By 6 months of age, breast or formula milk alone will no longer be sufficient to meet a baby’s nutritional needs and the process of weaning onto solid foods should begin
-The timing of introduction of solids should take into consideration the individual baby’s development as this can vary widely
why are children requirements high
-Toddlers and pre-school children are growing rapidly and are active so their energy requirements are high relative to their body size.
-An eating pattern based on small meals and snacks selected from the main food groups should be encouraged.
-A healthy family approach to diet and lifestyle should be encouraged, as food preferences are often established during this early stage of life.
what is the link with diet and acne
Diet and acne (More recently some limited research suggests dairy foods and highglycaemic foods(e.g., sugary foods and drinks) increase the risk of acne).
what do women mainly need to focus on
-Adequate iron to prevent iron deficiency anaemia (supplementation as needed).
-Adequate Calcium intakes.
-Adequate folate to prevent folate deficiency anaemia and prepare for pregnancy.
-Adequate calcium and vitamin D for bone health – take a vitamin D supplement in winter months.Menopause (Vitamin D, Ca, isoflavones)
what do men need to focus on
-Need to pay particular attention to the prevention of heart disease (fibre and saturated fat/alcohol), colon cancer (red and processed meats, lack of fibre), and osteoporosis (bone health and exercise).
-Male fertility
-Adequate calcium and vitamin D for bone health – take a vitamin D supplement in winter months.
why do older age adults energy requirements reduce
Basal Metabolic Rate decreases (BMR) and therefore our energy requirements reduce.
main messages of eat well guide
-Eat at least 5 portions of a variety of fruit and vegetables every day.
-Base meals on potatoes, bread, rice, pasta or other starchy carbohydrates;choosing wholegrain versions where possible.
-Have some dairy or dairy alternatives (such as
-Eat some beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other proteins (including 2 portions of fish every week, one of which should be oily).
-Choose unsaturated oils and spreads and eat in small amounts.
-Drink 6-8 cups/glasses of fluid a day.
-If consuming foods and drinks high in fat, salt or sugar have these less often and in small amounts.
when did the vegan society release the vegan eat well guide
2020
What is BNF hand portions
In 2019, the BNF launched a portion guide using the Eatwell guide and hand portions to help individuals understand not just which foods to eat, but how often and in what quantities, in order to maintain a healthy weight and have a balanced diet.
what are carbs simplified and what is the function
-Carbohydrates (CHO) simplified: starch, fibre and sugar.
-They are the main source of energy (when metabolised into glucose they provide energy for our brain, nerve cells, red blood cells and muscles)
-Starchy foods contribute towards essential nutrient intakes such as B vitamins, folate, iron and calcium.
-maintaining a healthy weight and healthy gut microbiome.
what % total energy comes from carbs and do medical conditions benefit from reduced CHO diets
-50% of total energy (kcal/day) derived from carbohydrate
-Some medical condictiones may benefit from reduced CHO diets, HOWEVER, these are managed clinically and dependent on the individual. Low carb diets are not recommended in general.
what’s the recommended amounts for fibre
2-5 yrs 15g/d
5-11yrs 20g/d
11-16 yrs 25g/d
16-18 yrs 30 g/d
adults 30g/d
