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z Tudors : HVII > government > Flashcards

government Flashcards

1
Q

How many men were recorded to have attended the council during his reign ?

A
  • 227
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2
Q

What were the functions of the council ?

A
  • To advise the King

- To administer the realm on the King’s behalf

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3
Q

What were the three main types of councillor ?

A
  1. Members of the nobility : Daubeney and Dynham
  2. Churchman : Morton and Fox
  3. Laymen (gentry or lawyers) : Bray and Dudley
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4
Q

Who was one of Henry’s key advisors ?

A
  • Lady Margret Beaufort (His mother)

-

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5
Q

What didn’t the council have under HVII’s reign ?

A
  • No established rules or procedure but it was permanent and had a core membership
  • It wasn’t essential for someone to hold office in order to advise the King
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6
Q

What was the Great council and how many times did it meet ?

A
  • Gathering of the House of Lords without the commons
  • Met 5 times
  • Tended to deal with issues relating to war or rebellion
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7
Q

Who was Dudley ?

A
  • Came to prominence after the death of Bray
  • Role was to exploit financial opportunities where he had ample opportunities to make influential enemies
  • Became vulnerable when HVII died
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8
Q

What was the council learned ?

A
  • Council’s main offshoot
  • Function : to maintain the King’s revenue and to exploit his prerogative rights (powers exercised without parliament)
  • Made the system of bonds and recognisances
  • Seen as a shady operation eg not recognised as a court of law and those summoned before it had no chance of appeal
  • It bypassed the normal legal system and caused fear and frustration
  • It was an expression of HVII’s will
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9
Q

Who was Empson ?

A
  • Ambitious, lawyer and member of the council learned with a ruthless approach
  • Removed with Dudley after HVII’s death which Brough rejoicing in the streets and indicated how unpopular their financial control became in the last years of HVII’s reign
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10
Q

What was the significance of the royal court ?

A
  • Centre of government

- Wealth was power, the royal court

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11
Q

What is personal monarchy ?

A
  • Political power depended more on the relationship of that person with the King more than their specific role
  • Access to the King was the main determinant of power
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12
Q

What were the two levels at court ?

A
  1. Household proper was responsible for looking after the King
  2. The Chamber (politically important) presided over by the Lord Chamberlain (1495 - Stanley was found to be involved with pretender Warbeck)
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13
Q

How did HVII respond to Stanley’s betrayal in 1495 ?

A
  • Remodelled
  • Created a privy chamber where the King could retreat
  • This changed the character of the court making it more difficult for those out of favour to regain HVII’s support
  • Cut himself off from much of the traditional contacts at court
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14
Q

What were parliament’s main functions (2) ?

A
  1. To pass laws

2. To grant taxation to the crown

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15
Q

Who had the right to vote ?

A
  • Men of property and 40 shilling freeholders in the counties
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16
Q

Which house was more important ?

A
  • HL

- Commons : 2 representatives per county and 2 each from Oxbridge

17
Q

How many parliaments did HVII hold ?

A
  • 7
  • 5 were in the first 10 years
  • 2 in the remaining 14 years
18
Q

When were his first 2 parliaments and what did they do ?

A
  • 1485-6 + 1487
  • Passed numerous acts of attainder (declared individuals guilty without the inconvenience of a trial and their property would automatically be forfeit to the crown
  • First parliament granted tonnage and poundage for life
19
Q

What was granted in other parliaments ?

A
  • extraordinary revenue (taxation granted to enable a war)

- fifteenths and tenths : form of taxation

20
Q

When were fractional taxes of fifteenths and tenths made ?

A
  • 4 times
  • 1487, 1489-90, 1491-2, and 1497
  • Yielded £203,000
21
Q

What did HVII’s final parliament limit and protect ?

A
  • 1504

- Succeeded in limiting the demand for extraordinary revenue and the King never seemed out more revenue my these means

22
Q

How did HVII maintain law and order ?

A
  • well-placed members of the nobility but there was a fine balance in not wanting to give the nobles too much power
  • Magnate control was largely in the North with Northumberland and the Stanleys
23
Q

How can it be evidenced that HVII had little trust in his magnates and the nobles ?

A
  • Employment of a spy network who reported on the magnet’s performance
  • Bonds and recognisances
24
Q

What did HVII increasingly rely on in the countryside for law and order ?

A
  • JPs (Justices of peace)
  • largely the gentry who were unpaid but thought their may be opportunities for advancement
  • Responsible for tax assessments, alehouse regulations and the maintenance of law and order
25
Q

How else did HVII restore law and order ?

A
  • Bonds and recognisances
26
Q

What were the sources of royal income ?

A
  • Crown lands
  • Profits from feudal dues
  • customs revenue
  • pension from other powers
  • profits of justice
  • Extraordinary revenue
27
Q

Who was the largest landowner ?

A
  • the Crown
  • HVII income had dropped to £12,000 at the start of his reign per year and by the end of his reign it was £42,000 a year
  • Reverted from the inefficient court of Exchequer to Edward’s system of administration
28
Q

How did HVII increase profit from feudal dues and exercise royal prerogative ?

A
  • Increased profit from wardship and parliament granted feudal aid in 1504
  • 1489 : Statutes of uses cut out a potential loophole for avoidance of the charge
29
Q

What were HVII’s other sources of revenue ?

A
  • First parliament granted tonnage and poundage for life (revenue increased £34,000 to £38,000)
  • Pensions (Treaty of Etaples 1492 = £5,000 per annum
  • Extraordinary revenue ( £400,000) but provoked 1489 and 1497 rebellions)
  • 1489 : Parliament granted a subsidy pf £75,000 and the Convocation offered £25,000
  • Profits of justice : 1504-7, £200,000 was promised to the King
30
Q

How much was the plate and jewels left by HVII ?

A
  • £300,000 and £10,000 in cash
31
Q

How did HVII use revenue to strengthen his position of the throne ? (crown lands)

A
  • Act of resumption (1486) : enabled him to recover all crown land lost since 1455
  • Acts of Attainder - 138 persons in his reign attained
  • HVII had few male relatives so HVII kept a lot of the land
32
Q

How did HVII use revenue to strengthen his position of the throne ? (Expenditure)

A
  • HRE received £1,100,000 per annum whereas HVII received £113,000
  • HVII made his badge personal and spent on images to promote his dynasty
  • Loaned HRE £342,000 between 1505-6 which was never repaid but HVII gained national security

z Tudors : HVII (4 decks)

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