Gout and other Crystal-associated Arthropathies Flashcards

1
Q

Gout deposits

A
MSU crystals
(needle and rod-shaped, brightly birefringent with negative elongation)
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2
Q

MC early clinical manifestation of gout

A

Acute arthritis

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3
Q

Most often involved in gout

A

Metatarsophalangeal joint of the first toe

attacks frequently at night, subside spontaneously within 3-10 days

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4
Q

Confirmatory test of gout

A

Needle aspiration of involved joints

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5
Q

Characteristics of gouty effusions

A

cloudy

thick pasty or chalky fluid

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6
Q

Can be useful in assessing the risk of stones

A

24H urine collection

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7
Q

Overproduction of uric acid

A

excretion of >800mg of uric acid per 24h on a regular diet

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8
Q

Radiologic findings of gout

A

cystic changes + well-defined erosions with sclerotic margins + soft tissue masses

on utz: Double contour sign

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9
Q

Given in early gout attack

A

Colchicine 0.6mg 1 tab q8 and taper or 1.2mg followed by 0.6mg in 1h

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10
Q

Side effect of Colchicine

A

Diarrhea (d/c immediately)

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11
Q

Effective in polyarticular gout

A

Glucocorticoids

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12
Q

IL 1B effective in acute gout

A

Anakinra

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13
Q

Goal of hypouricemic therapy

A

Normalize uric acid to <300-360 umol/L (5-6 mg/dL)

to prevent recurrence and eliminate tophi

(<6 mg/dL in phil cpg)

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14
Q

Hypouricemic therapy which can be used in patients with good renal function who UNDEREXCRETE uric acid
(<600mg in a 24h urine sample)

A

Probenacid

not effective for crea >2mg/dL

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15
Q

Best xanthine oxidase inhibitor to lower urate in OVERproducers of urate, urate stone formers and patients with renal disease

A

Allopurinol

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16
Q

MC age group affected by CPPD

A

Elderly (30-50% >85 years old)

17
Q

Pathogenesis of CPPD

A

Increased production of INorganic pyrophosphate and decreased levels pyrophosphatase in cartilage extracts

18
Q

Diseases associated with CPPD esp in <50 years old

A
Hypeparathyroidism
Hemochromatosis
Hypophosphatemia
Hypomagnesemia
Gitelman’s
19
Q

Most frequently affected in CPPD arthropathy

A

Knee joint

20
Q

Radiologic finding in CPPD

A

Chondrocalcinosis or punctate and/or linear radiodense deposits

(may be present in CaOx)

21
Q

Definitive diagnosis of CPPD

A

Typical rhomboid or rodlike crystals, weakly positive birefringent in synovial fluid

22
Q

Gene mutation associated with CPPD

23
Q

Most frequently affected in Calcium Apatite Deposition Disease

A

Shoulders (Milwaukee shoulders)

Frequently deposit in bursae and tendons

24
Q

Radiographic findings of calcium apatite

A

Intra and/or periarticular calcifications with or without erosive, destructive or hypertrophic changes

25
EM findings of Apatite
clumps of crystals shiny nonbirefringent globules or aggregates
26
Microscopic findings of CaOx
Bipyramidal or variable, strong birefringence
27
Treatment in primary oxalosis
Liver Transplantation
28
Uric Acid Goal
<7 mg/dL males <6 mg/dL females ( x 60 for umol/L)
29
Increases risk of gout
Meat + seafood + alcohol
30
Risk factors for gout
``` Obesity Hypertension Malignancies Psoriasis CHF ```
31
Hypouricemic therapy indications
After 2 attacks SUA >9mg/dL Willing ti commit to lifelong therapy Uric acid stones With tophi/chronic gout
32
Most serious side effect of Allopurinol
TEN
33
Associated risk factors for Apatite
Hyperphosphatemia CKD Metastatic Calcification