Gottfredson & Saklofske (2009) Intelligence: Foundations and Issues in Assessment

Question 1

What was Charle’s Spearman’s two factor theory of intelligence?

Answer 1

Intelligence is comprised of a specific factor (s) and a second-order general factor (g)

Question 2

Who came up with the idea of fluid and crystallized intelligence?

Answer 2

Horn and Cattell

Question 3

Ability is the X, while achievement is the Y

Answer 3

Ability is the cause, while achievement is the effect

Question 4

What does ability refer to?

Answer 4

Ability refers to a latent construct (i.e., one’s potential) that cannot be directly observed but is relatively stable across time and situations and represents individual differences in capacities and propensities.

Question 5

Is a test is a test of ability, what does it need to do?

Answer 5

It needs to provoke the latent construct to come out through behaviour

Question 6

What does achievement refer to?

Answer 6

Achievement refers to one’s accomplishments.

A test of achievement needs to sample the appropriate fund of knowledge that it seeks to test

Question 7

What is the difference between a construct and a measure?

Answer 7

A construct is the behaviour evoked by the test, while a measure is the yardstick used to capture and quantify the behaviour

Question 8

In Gottfredson’s model, what is the relationship between ability and achievement?

Answer 8

Ability and achievement are organized hierarchically such that ability (top) causes achievements (bottom)

Question 9

Does g have a high level of heritability?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What does an intelligence test need to have to have construct validity?

Answer 10

A high g loading