Goniometry: Shoulders

Question 1

Shoulder flexion: position

Answer 1

Supine with the hips and knees flexed. The feet are flat on the table to prevent hyperextension of the lumbar vertebrae. The palm of the hand and forearm are pronated.

Question 2

Shoulder flexion: stabilize

Answer 2

Scapula by ensuring patient lies flat and symmetrically

Question 3

Shoulder flexion: axis

Answer 3

2.5cms below the acromion process

Question 4

Shoulder flexion: stationary arm

Answer 4

Placed along the midaxillary line of the trunk in line with the greater trochanter of the femur

Question 5

shoulder flexion: moving arm

Answer 5

Placed along the lateral longitudinal midline of the humerus in line with the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

Question 6

Shoulder flexion: Normal range

Answer 6

0 - 180 (soft tissue tension)

Question 7

shoulder flexion: precaution

Answer 7

Avoid hyperextension of the lumbar vertebrae

maintain the elbow joint in extension to prevent the long head of the triceps muscle from being stretched.

Question 8

Shoulder extension: Stabilization

Answer 8

scapula

Question 9

Shoulder extension: precaution

Answer 9

Keep elbow slightly flexed to prevent the biceps brachii muscle from being stretched

Question 10

normal range for shoulder extension

Answer 10

0-50

Question 11

Shoulder abduction and adduction: Position

Answer 11

Supine with the hips and knees flexed and the feet flat on the table. The arm is placed in the anatomical position and the elbow joint remains in extension.

Question 12

Shoulder abduction and adduction: Stabilization

Answer 12

the thorax by ensuring the patient lies flat and symmetrically

Question 13

Shoulder abduction and adduction: axis

Answer 13

One finger fingerbreadth inferior and lateral to the coracoid process

Question 14

Shoulder abduction and adduction: stationary arm

Answer 14

Parallel to the midline of the body.

Question 15

Shoulder abduction and adduction: moving arm

Answer 15

Parallel to the midline of the humerus in line with the medial humeral epicondyle

Question 16

Shoulder abduction and adduction: normal range

Answer 16

Abduction without scapulothoracic movement = 5-95 (bony); abduction together with scapulothoracic movement = 5-180 (soft tissue)- may be tested in sitting and standing, adduction = 0-50 (soft tissue tension).

Question 17

Shoulder abduction and adduction: precautions

Answer 17

Avoid spine flexing laterally and permit a small degree of shoulder rotation.

Question 18

Shoulder medial and lateral rotation: Position

Answer 18

Position: Supine with the hips and knees flexed and the feet flat on the table. The shoulder joint is abducted and the elbow flexed to 90 . The forearm is in the mid position between supination and pronation, and is perpendicular to the table top. The full length of the humerus is supported on the table.

Question 19

Shoulder medial and lateral rotation: stabilization

Answer 19

Thorax and humerus by ensuring these parts remain flat and the thorax symmetrica

Question 20

Shoulder medial and lateral rotation: Axis

Answer 20

Over the olecranon process of the elbow joint.

Question 21

SHOULDER MEDIAL AND LATERAL ROTATION: moving arm

Answer 21

Along the ulnar shaft, directed toward the styloid process

Question 22

SHOULDER MEDIAL AND LATERAL ROTATION: stationary arm

Answer 22

Vertical

Question 23

SHOULDER MEDIAL AND LATERAL ROTATION: normal range

Answer 23

Medial rotation = 0-70 (soft tissue tension), Lateral rotation = 0-90 (soft tissue tension)

Question 24

SHOULDER MEDIAL AND LATERAL ROTATION: precautions

Answer 24

Avoid movements at the shoulder joint and scapula, avoid flexion of the vertebrae, avoid extension of the elbow.