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USMLE > GOLJANFINAL > Flashcards

GOLJANFINAL Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

INC ESR in elderly - normal or abnormal?

A

Most likely disease released

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2
Q

VIt E tox presentation?

A

DEC VitK - INC risk of hemorrhagem =- potentiates warfarin effect

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3
Q

Chance of male/female w/ CF to have kid?

A

Male - less than 5%Female - possible - but still thick cervical mucus

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4
Q

Laurence moon biedl?

A

Hyogonadism, MR, retiniits pigmentosum

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5
Q

Noonan syndrome

A

Turners in a male (webbed neck, short stature MR, hypogonadism etc)

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6
Q

3 major tox of cyclophosphamide?

A

SIADH, Hemorrhagic cystitis, transitional CA of bladder.

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7
Q

What is goats milk deficient in? (compared to cow milk)

A

Goat is low in Folate, B6, and Iron.

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8
Q

Tx of black widow bite?

A

Muscle relaxant (calcium gluconate) - tetanus prophylaxis, antivenin in serious cases.

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9
Q

Tx for aspirin tox in kids?

A

gastric lavage, activated charcoil - alkaline urine for INC excretion of acid.

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10
Q

Angiosarcoma of LIver - 3 risks factors?

A

Vinyl chloride, Arsenic, Thorotrast.

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11
Q

Age dependentsenile changes?

A

Senile emphysema, DEC FEV1, osteoarthritis, cataract,s presbycus (inner ear degen), INC synth of autoab. INC CD4 and DEC CD8.DEC in GFR - care it avoid tox.

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12
Q

Bombesin seen in ? 2

A

Small cell CA of lung, Neuroblastoma. Neuro marker?

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13
Q

CA19-9CA125CEA?

A

19-9 - Pancraetic CA 125 - ovaries surface epithelialCEA - Colorectal, pancreas and more.

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14
Q

Where are zebra bodies found? What do they look like?

A

See in nieman picks - look like lamellar bodies in T2 pneumocytes.

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15
Q

Vit A tox?

A

INC ICP, hypercalcemia.

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16
Q

Diff between rickets and osteomalacia?

A

Both are due to ICN unmieralized osteoidAdult - do NOT have craniotabes and rachitic rosary (rickets)

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17
Q

B6 def? Most common?In babies?

A

IsoniazuidBabies - switching to goats milk (lacks B6)

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18
Q

Menckes kinky hair syndrome

A

Sex linked recessive - impaired utilization of COPPER. (different presentation than wilsons)

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19
Q

Wilsons copper levels?

A

Total levels are DEC (lower ceruplasmin carrier)But serum free levels are INC.

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20
Q

Selenium 2 major functions?

A

Anti-oxidant that destroys peroxides.Enzyme cofactor for T4 to T3 converstion

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21
Q

Zinc def can lead to ? 3 thiungs

A

Hypogonadism, infertilityDEC tastePoor wound healing (needed for collagenases to make T3 conert to T1)Acrodermatitis enteropathica (Recessive disease w/ DEC intestinal abs or zinc)

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22
Q

Tx for methemoglobinemia?

A

Nitrites in wataer (camping trip) oxidizes iron=.Methylene blue plus Vit C.

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23
Q

Councilman bodies? Where and why are they seen?

A

Seen in liver - acidophilic - seen in yellow fever and other viral (heptitis)

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24
Q

Fanconi Syndrome

A

DEF in DNA repair - cross linking agents

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25
Q

Barbituates and porphyrin disease?

A

Barbiturates

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26
Q

Levels of alk phos in kids?

A

INC in kids - due to osteoblasts and boen growth.

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27
Q

3 things that DEC adhesion molecule synthesis?

A

Steroids, Lithium, Catecholamines. (INC by c5a, LTB4, IL1, TNF, endotox)

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28
Q

Cri-du -chat organ findings?

A

VSD

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29
Q

T2 tubular acidosis?T1 acidosis?

A

T2 - proxmial - unable to make bicarbT1 distal - cant secrete H as well.

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30
Q

Nickel can cause?

A

Lung CA, Nasa Cavity CA

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31
Q

Uranium (Rardon)

A

Lung CA

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32
Q

Woodworking

A

Nasal cavity CA

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33
Q

Cadmium

A

Prostate CA, lung CA (fossil fuels, iron, steel, fertilizer, cement)

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34
Q

Tars, soot, oils

A

Squamous CA of skinAlso scrotum in chimney sweeps

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35
Q

EKG findingsHypoKHyperK?

A

HypoK - U wavesHyperK - peaked T waves

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36
Q

Breast primary CA mets to where?> 3

A

LN, Lung, BOne - most likely from breast

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37
Q

Lung primary CA mets to where ? 3

A

Liver, Adrenals, Brain

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38
Q

CO poisoning -w here would you see it on neuroanatomy?

A

Globus pallidus

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39
Q

Most common bone metastazied to? Why?

A

Vertebra - Batson vertebral plexus communicates w/ vena cava.

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40
Q

Detection of Rotavirus?

A

Rotazyme test of stool.Elisa test w/ ab against virus.

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41
Q

Achalasia vs Hirschprungs?

A

Achalasia is just myenteric ganglionHirhsc - submucosa (meissners) and myenbteric)

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42
Q

Most common cause of blindness in AIDS?

A

CMV retinitis

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43
Q

Metyrapone does?

A

Blcoks 11 hydroxylase DEC cortisolWhich should INC ACTH. Excellent check for ACTH reserve and adrenal function.

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44
Q

When is rupture most common acute mI?

A

3rd to 7th day.

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45
Q

Sepsis in Aids pt usually due to?

A

Disseminated mAI

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46
Q

Baby w/ icterus and edema - form which virus?

A

usu CMV.

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47
Q

ALS can be due to?

A

defective superoxide dismutase - intrinsic hands are first starting point

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48
Q

What does the fewver in malaria coincide w/

A

rupture of RBC

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49
Q

Best protection against syph?

A

condom

50
Q

Most common cause of esophageal CA?

A

smoking

51
Q

Aschoff body

A

pathognomonic for RF.coffee bean

52
Q

Tetracycline in a soccer or baseball player?

A

basically photodermatitis - face, neck, forearms etc.

53
Q

Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum

A

diabetic lower leg w/ pigemnted lesions.

54
Q

First step of menarche?

A

breast budding - thelarche.

55
Q

Senile purpura

A

normal age dependnet finding - not a sign of pt abuse. can be on hands.

56
Q

Kid with rash and CD1 positive cells?

A

histiocytosis X - lorib Ketterer Siew

57
Q

Elderly male w/ lower back pain? do?

A

rectal eam to rule out prostate CA before any other test.

58
Q

String tests - AIDs pt w/ diarrhea -w aht can be identified?

A

Giardia, strongyloides, cryptosporidum.

59
Q

Hammans sign?

A

subcutaneous emphysema from rupture esophagus (boorehave)

60
Q

Most commonc ause of alopeica?

A

Hereditary - more common in males.

61
Q

Irregular patche of hair loss in kid?

A

trichotillomania - pulling out onhes own hair - esp near dominant hand.

62
Q

lactic acid levels do not rise afte exercise w/ cramps?

A

Mcardles

63
Q

Most common cause of juandice in first 24 hours

A

ABO incompatibility. mom and baby

64
Q

Most common cause of folate def?

A

alcohol abuse (not beer)

65
Q

Role of fiber in DEC Colon CA?

A

DEc tranist time of stool - lithocholic acid has less chance of producting a mutation

66
Q

Asymptomatic AA w/ hematuria ? what next?

A

do sickle cell screen rule out trait.

67
Q

Gold standard of AAA?

A

ultrasound -

68
Q

Burkitts most common location?

A

ab cavity - most common lymphoma in children.

69
Q

Antimicrosomal AB in 2 disease?

A

Hashimotos and Graves.

70
Q

HTN in young woman?

A

birth control pills INc synth of angiotensinogen in liver HTN.

71
Q

Feltys syndrom

A

RA + autoimmune neutropenia and splenomegaly

72
Q

Most common breast CA?

A

infiltrating ductal

73
Q

Only leukemia to have thrombocytosis?

A

CML

74
Q

Hemangioma on face of kid

A

leave it alone

75
Q

Anemia since birth, splenomegally

A

congenital spherocytosis. do splenectomy

76
Q

aplastic anemia bone looking?

A

hypocellular w/ predominantly fat

77
Q

fatty casts w/ maltese crosses

A

neprhotic syndrome

78
Q

4 locations of psamomma

A

meningioma, papillary thyroid, serous cystadenoCA, mesothelioma

79
Q

DM most common cuase of 5?

A

blindnes,s chronic renal disease, peripheral neuropathy, nontramuamatic amputation of lower leg.

80
Q

Hamman Rich LUng

A

honeycomb lung - end stage alveolitis syndrome - internstiail pneumonitis.

81
Q

Most common cause of fever 24 hours surgery

A

?atelectasis. Elevated diaphragm

82
Q

Choanal atresia presentation?

A

baby breaks away from breast and cyanosis is relieaved w/ crying.

83
Q

Smokeless tobacco leads to?

A

verrucoid squamous CA of mouth

84
Q

5 causes of gum hyperplasia?

A

phenytoin, cyclosporin, verapamil, pregnancy, scurvy, Acute monocytic leukemia

85
Q

Most common tumor of GI tract?

A

Leiomyoma - usu in stomach.

86
Q

Bowel obstruction most likley due to?

A

adhesions from previous surgery - if no previous histoyry - indirect inguinal.

87
Q

Zone 3 necrosis?

A

CCl4, acetaminophen, amanita, alcoholic, ischemicZone 1- viral, cocaine

88
Q

Granulomatous hepatitis

A

Tb if infectivesarcoid if noninfective

89
Q

Schiller duval bodies

A

yolk sac tumor in kids - INC AFP. endodermal sinus tumor.

90
Q

IUD infection

A

actinomycosis w/ sulfur granules.

91
Q

Duffy antigenI antigen

A

uncommon in blacks.Surface receptor for P vivax - so blacks are protected. I antigen - antiI is cold agglutinin IgM from M pneumonia.

92
Q

Osgood schlatters

A

inflam of proxmial tibial at insertion of patellar tendon

93
Q

Glucagonoma classic sign?SomatostatinomaVIPoma?

A

Glucagonoma- necrolytic migratory erythema. Somatosiatinoma - achlorhydria, cholethiiasis, steatorrhea (inhbits secretin, CCK)VIPoma - severe secretory diarrhea - VUIp stims cAMP - hypokalemia w/ normal gap metabolic acidosis

94
Q

Oligodendrioglioma findings?

A

egg like - CALCIFIED SHELLS.

95
Q

Kidneys w/ irregular white patches on cortical surface?

A

pale infarts from embolization of left heart.

96
Q

Number of glucose to make 16 chain carbon fatty acid?

A

4 glucose - 8 pyruvate - 2 carbons each.

97
Q

3 major uncupling agents

A

alcohol, slaicylate,s 24bnp

98
Q

Glucokinase

A

only in liver - not inhibited by glucose 6 phosphate (can just keep bringing more in)

99
Q

Why cant liver use ketones for fuel?

A

Liver cannot activate acetoacetate in mitchondria

100
Q

Energy source for protein synth?

A

GTP

101
Q

hair loss in young woman

A

may be due to oral contraceptives

102
Q

7 fold memrane psannning protein

A

Propanolol - B blocker

103
Q

Negative charge in GBM due to?

A

heparan sulfatealthough protamine suflate is Positive(heparin is negative)

104
Q

Gap junction

A

dye passes from cell to cellosteoblast/cytes + intercalated, cardiac

105
Q

Nosebleed and rhinorrhea

A

fracture of cribirofrm plate in ethnoid isnus.

106
Q

Artery in femoral neck fracture

A

medial femoral circumflex

107
Q

Type of colalgen in epiphyseal plate?

A

Collagen T10.

108
Q

Vertical diplopia assoc w/

A

CN4 palsy

109
Q

Bilateral Lateral rectus (Cn6) weakness suggests

A

INC in ICP - classic sign - papilledema

110
Q

Paralysis of Upward gaze?

A

In infants - hyderocephalus - secondary to stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius. (parinauds syndrome)

111
Q

Multiple ocular motor nerve disorders

A

DM

112
Q

IMpairments of L3-L4L4 - L5L5-S1

A

L3-L4 - weak quads and absent knee jerk L4-,5 Numbness of great two webbed space, normal knee L5,s1, - lateral and posterior calf numbness.

113
Q

Weber syndrome

A

lesion of oculomotor nerve w/ UMN signs w/ midline midbrain lesion.

114
Q

Damage to ear in rock and roll palyers

A

injury to cochlea

115
Q

Hanta virus

A

New mexico - deer mice/rodents - ARDS, hemorrhage, renal failure. Viral RNA in lung tissue (PCR test)

116
Q

Cells taht attack protozoa

A

CD4 T.

117
Q

Immunizations contraindicated in pt w/ anaphylactic reactions against eggs

A

MMR

118
Q

Pruritic skin lesion in gulf war vet

A

cutaneous leishmania - bite of sandfly.

119
Q

Which live vaccines can be given to Aids PT

A

MMR - measles is worse than what could happen w/ attenuated virus.

120
Q

If you have rx to neomycin, then will have anaphylacitc rx to

A

MMR, Varicella - neomycin is used as preservative.

121
Q

HLA coded on what chr?

A

6

122
Q

Graft vs host is mediated by?

A

NK cell mediated - I am assuming some T cells too..

USMLE (16 decks)

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