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3. Kurul > Göğüs Hastalıkları > Flashcards

Göğüs Hastalıkları Flashcards

1
Q

Stridor mine zaman duyulur

A

İnspiryum

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2
Q

Pnömoni, bronşun açık kaldığı kompresyon atelektazisi, akciğer tümörleri, akciğer enfarktüsü, prebronşiyal fibrozis, diffüz interstisyel fibrozis, asbestozis

A

Vibrasyon torasikte artma

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3
Q

Normal akciğer dokusu üzerinde duyulan perküsyon sesi

A

Sonor ses

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4
Q

Akciğer parankimşnde havalanmanın arttığı durumlarda (amfizem, astım atağı, pnömotoraks)
Normalde karın bölgesinde duyulur

A

Hipersonor ses

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5
Q

Havadan daha fazla sıvı ya da doku içeren akciğer alanları üzerinde duyulur
Pnömonik konsalidasyon, atelektazi, akciğer tümörü, hidrotoraks, plevral sıvı-kan, plevral kalınlaşma, yaygın akciğer fibrozisinde

A

Matite

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6
Q

Normalde önde sağda 4.interkostal mesafede başlar,6.interkostal mesafede (karaciğer nedeniyle) biter
Matite-sonorite arası
Normalde uyluk perküsyonunda işitilir
Plevral sıvının üst çizgisindeki kompresyon atelektazisinde ve pnömonektomide submatite duyulur

A

Submatite

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7
Q

Normalde mide fundusunda duyulur
Tansiyon pnömototakslarda, dev akciğer kavitelerinde

A

Timpanite

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8
Q

I>E, tüm akciğer alanında

A

Veziküler ses

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9
Q

I=E,
Önde 1. ve 2. interkostal alanlar, arkada skapulalar arasında

A
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10
Q

I<E
Manibrium sterni üzerinde

A

Bronşial ses

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11
Q

I=E
Sternal çentikte

A

Trakeal ses

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12
Q

Ek seslerdir
Aralıklıdırlar
İnspirasyon döneminde ya da ekspirasyon başında duyulurlar
Bazen öksürdükten sonra azalır ya da kaybolurlar

A

Raller

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13
Q

…. inspiryumda duyulan kesikli seslerdir

A

Raller

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14
Q

….. ekspiryumda duyulan sürekli seslerdir

A

Ronküsler

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15
Q

Kaba raller (ronfilan raller)

A

Bronşit
Solunum enfeksiyonları

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16
Q

İnce raller (krepitan raller)

A

Alveolitis
Bronşiolitis
Erken pnömoni (Konjesyon) ….

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17
Q

İnterstisyel akciğer hastalıklarının tipik dinleme bulgusu
Selofan bandın yapıştığı yerden çıkarılırken çıkan ses…

A

Velcro rali (selofan ral)

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18
Q

Hava yollarının darlıklarından oluşurlar
Hava akımının oluşturduğu basınçla bronş duvarları birbirinden ayrılırlar
İşte bu açılma sırasında hava akımı ile katı dokuların titreşim yapmasından tek müzikal ses oluşur

A

Ronküs

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19
Q

Ek ses
Yüksek perdeli
Ekspirasyon fazında daha belirgin

A

Ronküs

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20
Q

Sibilan ronküs

A

Bronşiyol
Küçük bronş

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21
Q

Sonor ronküs

A

Trakea
Ana bronş

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22
Q

Larenks ve trakea darlıklarından doğan ve daha çok inspiratuar nitelikte yüksek tonlu müzikal ses

A

Stridor

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23
Q

Acute Cough

A

Less than 3 weeks

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24
Q

Subacute cough

A

Between 3-8 weeks

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25
Q

Chronic cough

A

More than 8 weeks

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26
Q

Acute cough’ta

A

Upper respiratuar viral infections are important

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27
Q

Subacute cough etiologies

A
  1. Postinfectious cough
  2. Bacterial sinusitis
  3. Asthma
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28
Q

Chronic cough most common 4 reason

A
  1. Upper airway cough syndrome
  2. Gastrooesophageal reflux
  3. Asthma
    Non asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis
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29
Q

Hemoptizinin en sık ölüm nedeni

A

Asfiksi

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30
Q

Hasta masifse ne yap (hemoptizide)

A

Stabilize et
Oradan oraya taşıma

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31
Q

Psödohemoptizi kaynağı

A

Akciğer değil

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32
Q

Türkiye’de göğüs hastalıkları bağlı hemoptizi en sık

A
  1. Tüberküloz
  2. Kanser
  3. Bronşektazi
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33
Q

Kan mideden mi akciğerden mi?

A

Mide ise daha koyu kırmızı, öğürme kusma ile gelir

Akciğer ise açık, köpüklü, öksürük ile

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34
Q

Akciğerden gelen kan nereden geliyor

A
  1. Pulmoner arter
  2. Pulmoner ven
  3. BRONŞİAL ARTER

HAYATI TEHDİT EDEN BRONŞİAL EN SIK MASİF KANAMA BRONŞİAL ARTER

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35
Q

Acute dyspnea+ wheezing

A

Asthma
Pulmonary edema

36
Q

Acute dyspnea+ fever+ cough+ sputum

A

Pneumonia
Acute bronchitis

37
Q

Acute dyspnea+ sudden onset pain

A

Pneumothorax
Pulomary embolism
Foreign body aspiration

38
Q

Chronic dyspnea+ pretibial edema

A

Congestive heart failure

39
Q

Chronic dyspnea+ smoking history+ cough+ sputum

A

COPD

40
Q

Chronic dyspnea+ fever+ dry cough

A

Pleural diseases

41
Q

Chronic dyspnea+ clubbing+ velcro rales

A

İnterstitial lung disease

42
Q

Which doctor would you refer to the man fir the diagnosis of sleep apnea?

A

Chest diseases- sleep clinic
(Pulmonologist)

43
Q

Sleep apnea diagnosis gold standard

A

Polysomnography

44
Q

Central apnea followed by an obstructive or obstructive attack followed by central apnea

A

Mixt apnea

45
Q

It is the state of complete cessation of respiratory movements and no any airflow in the upper respiratory tract

A

Central apnea

46
Q

It is a situation in which air flow is interrupted in the upper airways in the presence of centrally active respiratory movements

A

Obstructive apnea

47
Q

It is an abnormal, high-pitched sound produced by turbulent airflow through a partially obstructed airway
Most typically occurs with inspiration but can also occur during expiration
Not a disease, symptom

A

Stridor

48
Q

Stridor is a characteristic sound and associated features are seen when there is stenosis in the …..

A

Supraglottic, glottic, subglottic, tracheal level
Above those level- stertor
Below - wheeze

49
Q

Inspiratory stridor suggests

A

Laryngeal obstruction

50
Q

Biphasic stridor suggests

A

Subglottic or glottic anomaly

51
Q

Expiratory stridor suggests

A

Tracheobronchial obstruction

52
Q

Stridor is more common in children because

A

In shape, it is closer to a cone with a gradually narrowing diameter rather than the cylindrical tube in the adult
Muscles and especially the diaphragm can fatigue more easily than adults
The ribs are more parallel than adults

53
Q

Most common cause of inspiratory stridor

A

Laryngomalacia

54
Q

Acute epiglottitis

A

Can’t examine, laryngospasm
Patients look very toxic, tachycardia and tachypnic

55
Q

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Most common cause of acute stridor in children
Caused by parainfluenza virus

56
Q

Patient looks ill but not toxic

A

Acute laryngotracheobronchitis

57
Q

Cynosis

A

Reduced hemoglobin above 5

58
Q

Central cyanosis

A

Significant decrease in PaO2
Extremities are hot
Central cyanosis occurs together in the skin and mucous membranes

59
Q

Central cyanosis origin

A

Pulmonary origin cardiac origin

60
Q

Central cyanosis
Pulmonary origin

A

There is CO2 retention , respiration is fast
No murmur, ECG normal
Chest radiogram normal
When the patient is given 100% O2, cyanosis clarifies and the patient turnstiles pink

61
Q

Central cyaosis
Cardiac origin

A

Murmur, abnormal ECG
Cardiomegaly can be seen on the chest radiogram

62
Q

It is the slowing of the blood passing through the capillary circulation as a result of the slowing of the circulation speed and increased oxygen extraction by the peripheral tissue in the capillary bed
Slowing of peripheral blood flow
Arterial and venous occlusion

A

Peripheral cyanosis

63
Q

Astımda tercih edilen kurtarıcı

A

LH düşük doz IKS- Formeterol

64
Q

Astımda alternatif kurtarıcı

A

SABA veya IKS+SABA

65
Q

Akciğer alanlarının oskültasyonu
Üst loblar

A

Göğüs ön duvarından ve suratın 1/4 üst kısmından, T2 üzeri

66
Q

Akciğer alanlarının oskültasyonu
Orta lob

A

Sağ aksilla ve önde 4-6.kostal aralıklardan

67
Q

Akciğer alanlarının oskültasyonu
Lingula

A

Sol aksilladan

68
Q

Akciğer alanlarının oskültasyonu
Alt loblar

A

Sırtta T2 vertebra alt şort alanlarından (sırtın 3/4 alt kısmı) Kırım’larından dinlenir

69
Q

Kesintisiz ek sesler

A

Wheeze
Stridor
Ronküs

70
Q

…… 25-30 milisaniyeden daha uzun süren, müzikal sesler olarak tanımlanır

A

Kesintisiz akciğer sesleri

71
Q

Küçük hava yollarında neredeyse kapanma noktasında daralma sonucunda, karşılıklı bronşial duvarların salınımıyla meydana gelen
Kesintisiz, müzikal, tiz ek ses
Çoğu zaman ekspiryum sırasında
Bazen bifazik
Steteskopsuz dışarıdan duyulur

A

Wheeze (hışıltı)

72
Q

Ana bronş ve onun dallarında daralma sonucu oluşan, genellikle expiryumda müzikal, sürekli kesintisiz ek ses
Çoğu Zaman sekresyonla ilişkili

A

Ronküs

73
Q

Ekstratorasik üst hava yolu obstruksiyonu
Özellikle inspiryumda duyulur, bifazik olabilir

A

Stridor

74
Q

Her ronküs/ wheeze
Astım/koah değildir

A
75
Q

What causes bilateral clubbing?

A

Respiratory diseases
Cardiovascular diseases
Hepatobiliary diseases
Gastrointestinal diseases

76
Q

Sudden onset of high fever
Shaking chills
Pleuritic chest pain
Productive cough
Patient has an intact immune response system
Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus,

A

Typical pneumonia

77
Q

Characterized by preceding upper respiratory symptoms
Fever without chills
Nonproductive cough
Headache, myalgias, mild leukocytosis
Mycoplasma pneumonia, Chlamydophila pneumonia, Legionella organisms

A

Atypical pneumonia syndrome

78
Q

Atypical pneumonia agents

A

Legionella spp
Mycoplasma pneumonia
Chlamydia pneumonia
Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetii *

79
Q

Scoring system in Community acquired pneumonia (CAP)

A
  1. PSI (pneumonia severity index)
  2. PORT (pneumonia patient outcomes research team) score

Estimates mortality for adult patient with CAP
Used in the clinical or emergency department setting
Provides an excellent risk stratification of CAP

80
Q

Estimates mortality of CAP to help determine inpatient vs outpatient treatment
Used in the emergency department setting to risk stratify patients CAP
May not identify patients requiring ICU admission as well as PSI
It is easier to use and requires fewer inputs

A

CRUB-65 score

81
Q

Pneumonia
Criteria for ICU admission

A

Major criteria
Invasive mechanical ventilation
Requiring vasopressors due to septic shock

82
Q

…….. is the most common pathogen for CAP in all patient populations

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

83
Q

Pneumonia
Common among military recruits and COPD patients
(Upper)

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia

84
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia
The most common finding

A

IgM autoantibody

85
Q

Peripheral cyanosis
Arterial O2 saturation

A

Normal arterial O2 saturation

3. Kurul (5 decks)

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