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3. Kurul > Farmakoloji > Flashcards

Farmakoloji Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal demulcents

A

Lozenges
Cough drops
Linctuses containing syrup
Glycerine
Liquorice

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2
Q

Antitussive
Opioids

A

Codein
Pholcodein

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3
Q

Antitussive
Non-opioids

A

Noscapine
Dextrometthorphan
Chlophedianol

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4
Q

Antitussives
Antihistaminics

A

Chlorpheniramine
Diphenhydramine
Promethazine

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5
Q

Adjuvant antitussives

A

Bronchodilators: salbutamol, terbutaline

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6
Q

Mucokinetics

A

Sodium/ potassium citrate
Potassium iodide
Guaphenisin
Balsum of Tolu
Vasaka
Ammonium chloride

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7
Q

Mucolytics

A

Bromhexene
Ambroxol
Acetylcystein
Carbocystein

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8
Q

Opioids adverse effect

A

Limits their use
(Respiratory depression, addiction)

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9
Q

It depresses cough but has no narcotic analgesic or addiction and CNS depression

A

Noscapine (narcotine)
(From non-opioids)

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10
Q

Centrally acting antitussive agent
Antitussive action lasts for 6 hours, more than codein
As effective as codein
No analgesic properties, does not cause constipation, addiction

A

Dextromethorphan
(From non-opioids)

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11
Q

Non-opioid agent whose peripheral Antitussive action
Exerts its antitussive effect though an inhibitory action at the level of the airway sensory nerves

A

Levodropropizine

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12
Q

Possesses anti-inflammatory activity which causes a reduction in the irritation of the nervous receptors of the respiratory tract
Bronchodilator, spasmolitic

A

Oxalamine

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13
Q

Classic mucolytics

A

N-acetyl L-cysteine
Carbocisteine
Erdostine

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14
Q

Peptide mucolytics

A

Dornase alfa

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15
Q

Breaks disulfide bonds in mucin
Lower the viscosity of sputum
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects
Beneficial effect in COPD

A

N-acetyl L-cysteine

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16
Q

It reduces the viscosity of mucus by breaking down the overly polymerized DNA and actin filaments
It is administered by inhalation and has little systemic absorption
Improve lung function in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis

A

Dornase Alpha (rhDNaz)

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17
Q

H1 receptor antagonist effect

A

Anticholinergic effect
Sedation

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18
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A
  • less autonomic effect
    Less sedative effect
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19
Q

Second generation antihistamines have little or no sedative effect due to

A

Decreased distribution to CNS

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20
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

-longer acting
-less distribution to CNS, less sedative effect
-administered only ORALLY

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21
Q

Antihistamines clinical uses

A

-Allergic reactions
*allergic rhinitis
*allergic conjunctivitis
*urticaria, insect bite
*atopic dermatitis

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22
Q

Antihistamines side effects

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic effect (urinary retention, blurred vision, dry mouth)

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23
Q

The agents that constrict dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa by stimulating alpha-adrenergic nerve receptors in vascular smooth muscle

A

Nasal decongestant

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24
Q

Decongestant
Pseudoephedrine

A

These agents used with great caution in patients with hypertension and in men with prostatic enlargement
, and they are contraindicated in patients who are taking MAO inhibitors

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25
Bronchodilators
Beta-2 receptor agonists Methylxanthines (teophylline) Anticholinergics (muscarinic receptor antagonists)
26
Beta-2 agonists bronchodilators
Most effective bronchodilators
27
Beta-2 agonists SABA(slow acting beta agonists)
Salbutamol*** Metaproterenol Terbutaline
28
LABA (long acting beta agonists)
Salmeterol Formoterol
29
Beta-2 agonists adverse effects
Tremor Tachycardia and palpitation Hypopotassemia!!! Ventilation/perfusion imbalance
30
Methylxantines (theophylline)
Oldest Obsoleted by beta-2 agonists and inhalation corticosteroids Still may be useful for severe asthma or COPD as an additional option
31
Slow acting muscarinic antagonist (Anticholinergics) SAMA
Ipatropium
32
Long acting muscarinic antagonists (Anticholinergics)
Tiotropium
33
Muscarinic antagonists (Anticholinergics)
Less effective than beta-2 antagonists for the treatment of asthma More effective for COPD
34
Corticosteroids local adverse effect
Dysphonia Oropharyngealcandiddiasis Cough
35
Corticosteroids systemic adverse effects
Adrenal suppression Suppression of growth ….
36
Leukotriene inhibitors
Lesser efficacy than corticosteroids but when corticosteroids’ adverse effect is concern, use AERD treatment!!!
37
Growth retardation Churg-Strauss syndrome
Montelukast Zafirlukast (Leukotriene inhibitors)
38
From Leukotriene inhibitors May be hepatotoxic (Liver function tests should be monitored closely)
Zileuton
39
Sinoatrial node symphatetic activity receptor
Beta
40
Skin, splanchnic vessels symphatethic activity receptor
Alpha ( a)
41
They reduce the blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance Orthostatic hypotension!!! Benign prostate hyperplasia HDL
Alpha receptor antagonists Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
42
Labetalol Carvedilol
Beta-receptor antagonists
43
Esmolol
Short half life
44
Propranolol
High lipid solubility Central nervous system gecis
45
Nadolol
Long half life
46
Celiprolol
Partial agonist activity B1 selective Asthma ***
47
B blockers ile kontraendike olan
Non-dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers
48
Adverse effects of Beta blockers
Bradicardia CNS effects Exacerbation of asthma disease Metabolic adverse effects (glucose,lipid)
49
Beta blockers contraindications
Peripheral vascular disease Calcium channel blockers (nondhydropiridine) Masking of hypoglycemia Beta#blockers should be stopped gradually
50
ACE inhibitors adverse effects
Hypotension Hyperkalemia (dont use with potassium sparing diuretics) Cough Angioedema Acute kidney failure
51
ACE inhibitors absolute contraindication
Pregnancy Bilateral renal arter stenosis
52
Azilsartan Candesartan Eprosartan Irbesartan Losartan
Angiotensin receptor blockers
53
Pregnancy Bilateral renal arter stenosis Single kidney Unilteral renal arter stenosis
Angiotensin receptor inhibitors contraindications
54
Aliskiren
Direct renin inhibitor Low efficacy in single use
55
Calcium channel blockers Non-dihydropyridines
More selective on HEART MUSCLE
56
Calcium channel blockers Dihydropyridines
more selective on VASCULAR MUSCLES
57
Dihidropiridin (amlodipin) etkisinde ön planda hangisi var
Vasodilation
58
Calcium channel blockers indications
Hypertension Angina pectoris Arrythmias (verapamil,dilriazem) Reynoud disease
59
Long half life calcium channel blockers
Amlodipine
60
Kalp yetmezliğinde Sodium-potassium ATPaz pompasını inhibe ederek etki Hücre için Na Ca artar Kontraktilite artar
Kardiyak glikozitler
61
Kalp glikozidlerin aktivitesi hiperkalemide…..
Azalır
62
Dijital (kalp glikozidleri) kullanan tüm hastalarda takip edilmesi gereken
Elektrolit seviyeleri
63
Potasyum kanal açıcıları istenmeyen etki ve kontraendikasyonlar
Refleks taşikardi* Baş ağrısı, ödem, flushing EKG’de T dalgası değişiklikleri Hipertrikoz
64
Doğrudan etkili vazodilatörler
Hidralazin
65
Hidralazin yan etki
Dirençli hipertansiyon Eklampsi, preeklampsi Hipertansif aciller Pulmoner hipertansiyon Refleks taşikardi*
66
Nitrat etki mekanizması
Temel olarak benlerde dilatasyon yapar 1)preload azalır (kalbin oksijen ihtiyacı azalır) 2)diyastolik duvar gerilimi azalır (koroner kan akımı artar) Yüksek dozda sistemik dilatasyon___ refleks taşikardi!!!
67
Nitrat kullanım endikasyonları
Hipertansiyon Kalp yetmezliği Angina, MI (TEMEL KULLANIM ALANLARI)
68
Nitrates long half life
İsosorbide dinitrate İsosorbide mononitrate
69
Angina pektoriste ne verirsin
Beta bloker Kalsiyum kanal blokerleri Nitratler Ranolazin KOMBİNASYON
70
Classification of drug 1A 1B 1C Mechanism of action?
Na channel blocker
71
Classification of drug antiarrhythmics 2
B-adrenoreceptor blocker
72
Antiarrhythmics Classs 3
Mechanism K channel blocker
73
Antiarrhythmics Class 4
Ca channel blocker
74
Procainamide
Class 1A antiarrhythmic Adverse effect: lupus erithematozus
75
Lidocaine
Class 1B antiarrhythmic
76
Local anaesthetic Suppress electrical activity of arrhytmogenic tissues High first pass metabolism so given parenterally Low incidence of toxicity and high degree of effectiveness in arrhytmias with acute myocardial infarction
Lidocaine
77
Use lidocaine
Ventricular arrhytmias arising during myocardial ischemia Lidocaine was the drug of choice for emergency treatment of cardiac arrhytmias
78
Class 1C drugs
May be used in refractory ventricular, supraventricular arrhythmias
79
Class 2 drugs
B blocker Diminish phase 4 depolarization Propranolol, metoprolol, esmolol
80
QT prolongation- risk of Torsadepointes
Class3 drugs
81
Class 3 antiarrhythmics Amiodarone
Adverse effect Pulmonary fibrozis
82
Calcium channel blocker
Class4 Verapamil, diltiazem Decreased arter of phase 4 spontaneous depolarization

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