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3. Kurul > Farmakoloji > Flashcards

Farmakoloji Flashcards

1
Q

Pharyngeal demulcents

A

Lozenges
Cough drops
Linctuses containing syrup
Glycerine
Liquorice

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2
Q

Antitussive
Opioids

A

Codein
Pholcodein

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3
Q

Antitussive
Non-opioids

A

Noscapine
Dextrometthorphan
Chlophedianol

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4
Q

Antitussives
Antihistaminics

A

Chlorpheniramine
Diphenhydramine
Promethazine

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5
Q

Adjuvant antitussives

A

Bronchodilators: salbutamol, terbutaline

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6
Q

Mucokinetics

A

Sodium/ potassium citrate
Potassium iodide
Guaphenisin
Balsum of Tolu
Vasaka
Ammonium chloride

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7
Q

Mucolytics

A

Bromhexene
Ambroxol
Acetylcystein
Carbocystein

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8
Q

Opioids adverse effect

A

Limits their use
(Respiratory depression, addiction)

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9
Q

It depresses cough but has no narcotic analgesic or addiction and CNS depression

A

Noscapine (narcotine)
(From non-opioids)

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10
Q

Centrally acting antitussive agent
Antitussive action lasts for 6 hours, more than codein
As effective as codein
No analgesic properties, does not cause constipation, addiction

A

Dextromethorphan
(From non-opioids)

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11
Q

Non-opioid agent whose peripheral Antitussive action
Exerts its antitussive effect though an inhibitory action at the level of the airway sensory nerves

A

Levodropropizine

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12
Q

Possesses anti-inflammatory activity which causes a reduction in the irritation of the nervous receptors of the respiratory tract
Bronchodilator, spasmolitic

A

Oxalamine

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13
Q

Classic mucolytics

A

N-acetyl L-cysteine
Carbocisteine
Erdostine

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14
Q

Peptide mucolytics

A

Dornase alfa

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15
Q

Breaks disulfide bonds in mucin
Lower the viscosity of sputum
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects
Beneficial effect in COPD

A

N-acetyl L-cysteine

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16
Q

It reduces the viscosity of mucus by breaking down the overly polymerized DNA and actin filaments
It is administered by inhalation and has little systemic absorption
Improve lung function in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis

A

Dornase Alpha (rhDNaz)

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17
Q

H1 receptor antagonist effect

A

Anticholinergic effect
Sedation

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18
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A
  • less autonomic effect
    Less sedative effect
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19
Q

Second generation antihistamines have little or no sedative effect due to

A

Decreased distribution to CNS

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20
Q

Second generation antihistamines

A

-longer acting
-less distribution to CNS, less sedative effect
-administered only ORALLY

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21
Q

Antihistamines clinical uses

A

-Allergic reactions
*allergic rhinitis
*allergic conjunctivitis
*urticaria, insect bite
*atopic dermatitis

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22
Q

Antihistamines side effects

A

Sedation
Antimuscarinic effect (urinary retention, blurred vision, dry mouth)

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23
Q

The agents that constrict dilated blood vessels in the nasal mucosa by stimulating alpha-adrenergic nerve receptors in vascular smooth muscle

A

Nasal decongestant

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24
Q

Decongestant
Pseudoephedrine

A

These agents used with great caution in patients with hypertension and in men with prostatic enlargement
, and they are contraindicated in patients who are taking MAO inhibitors

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25
Q

Bronchodilators

A

Beta-2 receptor agonists
Methylxanthines (teophylline)
Anticholinergics (muscarinic receptor antagonists)

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26
Q

Beta-2 agonists bronchodilators

A

Most effective bronchodilators

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27
Q

Beta-2 agonists
SABA(slow acting beta agonists)

A

Salbutamol***
Metaproterenol
Terbutaline

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28
Q

LABA
(long acting beta agonists)

A

Salmeterol
Formoterol

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29
Q

Beta-2 agonists adverse effects

A

Tremor
Tachycardia and palpitation
Hypopotassemia!!!
Ventilation/perfusion imbalance

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30
Q

Methylxantines (theophylline)

A

Oldest
Obsoleted by beta-2 agonists and inhalation corticosteroids
Still may be useful for severe asthma or COPD as an additional option

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31
Q

Slow acting muscarinic antagonist
(Anticholinergics)
SAMA

A

Ipatropium

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32
Q

Long acting muscarinic antagonists
(Anticholinergics)

A

Tiotropium

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33
Q

Muscarinic antagonists (Anticholinergics)

A

Less effective than beta-2 antagonists for the treatment of asthma
More effective for COPD

34
Q

Corticosteroids local adverse effect

A

Dysphonia
Oropharyngealcandiddiasis
Cough

35
Q

Corticosteroids systemic adverse effects

A

Adrenal suppression
Suppression of growth
….

36
Q

Leukotriene inhibitors

A

Lesser efficacy than corticosteroids but when corticosteroids’ adverse effect is concern, use
AERD treatment!!!

37
Q

Growth retardation
Churg-Strauss syndrome

A

Montelukast
Zafirlukast
(Leukotriene inhibitors)

38
Q

From Leukotriene inhibitors
May be hepatotoxic
(Liver function tests should be monitored closely)

A

Zileuton

39
Q

Sinoatrial node symphatetic activity receptor

A

Beta

40
Q

Skin, splanchnic vessels symphatethic activity receptor

A

Alpha ( a)

41
Q

They reduce the blood pressure by reducing peripheral resistance
Orthostatic hypotension!!!
Benign prostate hyperplasia
HDL

A

Alpha receptor antagonists
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

42
Q

Labetalol
Carvedilol

A

Beta-receptor antagonists

43
Q

Esmolol

A

Short half life

44
Q

Propranolol

A

High lipid solubility
Central nervous system gecis

45
Q

Nadolol

A

Long half life

46
Q

Celiprolol

A

Partial agonist activity
B1 selective
Asthma ***

47
Q

B blockers ile kontraendike olan

A

Non-dihydropiridine calcium channel blockers

48
Q

Adverse effects of Beta blockers

A

Bradicardia
CNS effects
Exacerbation of asthma disease
Metabolic adverse effects (glucose,lipid)

49
Q

Beta blockers contraindications

A

Peripheral vascular disease
Calcium channel blockers (nondhydropiridine)
Masking of hypoglycemia
Beta#blockers should be stopped gradually

50
Q

ACE inhibitors adverse effects

A

Hypotension
Hyperkalemia (dont use with potassium sparing diuretics)
Cough
Angioedema
Acute kidney failure

51
Q

ACE inhibitors absolute contraindication

A

Pregnancy
Bilateral renal arter stenosis

52
Q

Azilsartan
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Irbesartan
Losartan

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers

53
Q

Pregnancy
Bilateral renal arter stenosis
Single kidney
Unilteral renal arter stenosis

A

Angiotensin receptor inhibitors contraindications

54
Q

Aliskiren

A

Direct renin inhibitor
Low efficacy in single use

55
Q

Calcium channel blockers
Non-dihydropyridines

A

More selective on HEART MUSCLE

56
Q

Calcium channel blockers
Dihydropyridines

A

more selective on VASCULAR MUSCLES

57
Q

Dihidropiridin (amlodipin) etkisinde ön planda hangisi var

A

Vasodilation

58
Q

Calcium channel blockers indications

A

Hypertension
Angina pectoris
Arrythmias (verapamil,dilriazem)
Reynoud disease

59
Q

Long half life calcium channel blockers

A

Amlodipine

60
Q

Kalp yetmezliğinde
Sodium-potassium ATPaz pompasını inhibe ederek etki
Hücre için Na Ca artar
Kontraktilite artar

A

Kardiyak glikozitler

61
Q

Kalp glikozidlerin aktivitesi hiperkalemide…..

A

Azalır

62
Q

Dijital (kalp glikozidleri) kullanan tüm hastalarda takip edilmesi gereken

A

Elektrolit seviyeleri

63
Q

Potasyum kanal açıcıları istenmeyen etki ve kontraendikasyonlar

A

Refleks taşikardi*
Baş ağrısı, ödem, flushing
EKG’de T dalgası değişiklikleri
Hipertrikoz

64
Q

Doğrudan etkili vazodilatörler

A

Hidralazin

65
Q

Hidralazin yan etki

A

Dirençli hipertansiyon
Eklampsi, preeklampsi
Hipertansif aciller
Pulmoner hipertansiyon
Refleks taşikardi*

66
Q

Nitrat etki mekanizması

A

Temel olarak benlerde dilatasyon yapar
1)preload azalır (kalbin oksijen ihtiyacı azalır)
2)diyastolik duvar gerilimi azalır (koroner kan akımı artar)
Yüksek dozda sistemik dilatasyon___ refleks taşikardi!!!

67
Q

Nitrat kullanım endikasyonları

A

Hipertansiyon
Kalp yetmezliği
Angina, MI (TEMEL KULLANIM ALANLARI)

68
Q

Nitrates long half life

A

İsosorbide dinitrate
İsosorbide mononitrate

69
Q

Angina pektoriste ne verirsin

A

Beta bloker
Kalsiyum kanal blokerleri
Nitratler
Ranolazin
KOMBİNASYON

70
Q

Classification of drug
1A
1B
1C

Mechanism of action?

A

Na channel blocker

71
Q

Classification of drug antiarrhythmics
2

A

B-adrenoreceptor blocker

72
Q

Antiarrhythmics
Classs 3

A

Mechanism
K channel blocker

73
Q

Antiarrhythmics
Class 4

A

Ca channel blocker

74
Q

Procainamide

A

Class 1A antiarrhythmic
Adverse effect: lupus erithematozus

75
Q

Lidocaine

A

Class 1B antiarrhythmic

76
Q

Local anaesthetic
Suppress electrical activity of arrhytmogenic tissues
High first pass metabolism so given parenterally
Low incidence of toxicity and high degree of effectiveness in arrhytmias with acute myocardial infarction

A

Lidocaine

77
Q

Use lidocaine

A

Ventricular arrhytmias arising during myocardial ischemia
Lidocaine was the drug of choice for emergency treatment of cardiac arrhytmias

78
Q

Class 1C drugs

A

May be used in refractory ventricular, supraventricular arrhythmias

79
Q

Class 2 drugs

A

B blocker
Diminish phase 4 depolarization
Propranolol, metoprolol, esmolol

80
Q

QT prolongation- risk of Torsadepointes

A

Class3 drugs

81
Q

Class 3 antiarrhythmics
Amiodarone

A

Adverse effect
Pulmonary fibrozis

82
Q

Calcium channel blocker

A

Class4
Verapamil, diltiazem
Decreased arter of phase 4 spontaneous depolarization

3. Kurul (5 decks)

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