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GNAV Flashcards

1
Q

The magnetic north

A

Position varies with time

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2
Q

How to check the pre flight condition of the direct compass compass

A

Check the general condition and correct heading indication

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3
Q

Find scale for Lambert chart. Given 2 meridian: 10W and 20W. Lat is 56N. Measure on chart is 7cm. Find the scale

A

1: 9000000

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4
Q

Which line is the parallel of meridian (there’s a diagram of sphere)

A

B

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5
Q

Polar Stereographic meridians

A

Radiate away from pole

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6
Q

Apparent solar time caused by

A

Earth orbits at diff speed around the sun

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7
Q

What is ambient air temp

Ram rise equals to

A

One option was ambient air temp = SAT

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8
Q

Mercator chart: Chart Convergency equals

A

Zero

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9
Q

Mercator Chart both lat. and long lines

A

Straight lines

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10
Q

RMI measured by aircraft from VOR Goose 252T

Longitude and latitude of Goose is 53N60W, Var 32 deg West at VOR, 28deg west at aircraft: calculate bearing from VOR to aircraft to be potted on Lambert chart

A

From aircraft: 252 (T) + 28W(M) = 280(M)

From Goose: 100(M) reciprocal, 32(W), 68(T)

40/72 (choose either)

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11
Q

What is the diff between True North and Grid North

A

Grid convergency

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12
Q

Projection of lambert chart

A

Earth to cone

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13
Q

What is zenith

A

The point on the sky vertically overhead an observer

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14
Q

Singapore 01degN, 103degE to Nauru island 00degS (00deg 55S 166deg 91E) find approx dist

A

3784NM

Dep formula: Chlong (min) X Cos Lat

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15
Q

120degE, LMT is 0724, find UTC at 120deg west

A

2324 UTC, Previous day

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16
Q

Meridians of longitude

A

Great circles containing the polar axis

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17
Q

Diagram of changeover point

A

Choose option with distance 68NM

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18
Q

What is prime meridian

A

Greenwich meridian

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19
Q

Dep formula can be used to measure

A

Dist between two points at same latitude

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20
Q

For VFR is sunn is below horizon or high latitudes

A

Must be large, unique and contrast

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21
Q

Given TAS 270kts, after 20mins, you deviate 3NM to the left of your original track 200degT, what is your actual drift if you have been heading 208degT

A

10degLeft

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22
Q

Compass North

A

000 aircraft compass

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23
Q

What is conformity

A

Angles on earth represented correctly on chart

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24
Q

When is sun directly over 23.5degNorth

A

4 June

21 June to be exact

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25
Q

When flying VFR, what is the best visual reference to estimate your ground speed

A

Railway track perpendicular to your flight path

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26
Q

A to B 117NM, one point at 47NM, deviate right 6NM, how many degrees must you change to get back on track

A

12.9deg

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27
Q

When flying through water

A

Take note of position and time when passing the edge of water to properly calculate DR to make your next scheduled turn

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28
Q

Lambert conformal, parallel of latitudes

A

Concave to poles

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29
Q

On a polar stereographic chart with scale of 1:500000 at pole, what is the scale at latitude 82deg

A

Scale at large = scale at pole X sec2(1/2 co-lat)

1:497567

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30
Q

SAT is

A

TAT less RR

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31
Q

An aircraft cruising at FL350, TAS430 and ISA+20. What is the Mach number

A

M0.716

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32
Q

Using chart CH004, locate the fix as measured 55NM from Nelson and 81NM from TORY

A

S40 24 E173 36

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33
Q

Using chart CH004, locate the intersection point 155T from NS VOR and 217M WN VOR

A

S41 54 E173 36

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34
Q

Using chart CH004, AC is 315M from Kukuro NDB. What is the true heading from AC to NDB

A

168T

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35
Q

Define chart convergence

A

Angular diff between 2 meridians on a chart

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36
Q

Define earth convergence

A

Chart convergence at parallel of origin

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37
Q

What is the term to describe between Great circle track (GCT) and Rhumb line track (RLT)

A

Conversion angle

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38
Q

TAS 285kts. Passes VOR at 0834UTC at 133M. At 0850UTC, the VOR radial is measured to be 127 at 80NM. Find wind

A

245/35 kts

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39
Q

When do you perform a compass swing

A

As specified in the aircraft maintenance schedule

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40
Q

The ability of compass to align to horizontal component of magnetic field is determined by

A

Sensitivity

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41
Q

Planned ground speed of a flight plan is 481kts. However, current ground speed displayed in flight by the FMS is 459kts. Aircraft reach waypoint BOLAX at 2344Z. After leaving BOLAX, the next waypoint is GURDI 259NM away, what is the entry to flight log

A

ZATA BOLAX 2344Z, ZETA GURDI 0018Z

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42
Q

When starting VFR navigation to a waypoint, what is the visual reference that should be picked up to the first waypoint

A

Pass SHP at cruising altitude

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43
Q

An aircraft start climb from F310 to FL350. Mach0.83 and ISA deviation -5. Find TAS

A

477kts

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44
Q

The computer flight log of an aircraft flying from waypoint AA to waypoint BB is gen below. What is the fuel burn

A

8823kg/hr

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45
Q

Question regarding purpose of railway track

A

Can be used to calculate ATA at right angle to railway track

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46
Q

Question about why are charts constantly being updated and companies have to keep buying charts

A

Changes in magnetic variation

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47
Q

Question about VFR flights over water and passing a turning point

A

Take note of the ships on the water as flying safely is more important than navigating on track

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48
Q

Question about chart convergence and earth convergence at Lambert

A

Earth con and chart con is the same at parallel of origin

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49
Q

When navigating VFR/VMC with the centre of the forest at the turning point, you should

A

Take note when flying past the edge of the trees and note the time/position to update the DR time. Turn to the next fix with the updated DR time.

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50
Q

31deg South parallel of latitude means

A

31deg South of equator

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51
Q

Wind velocity 280/20. Desired track 310T, TAS 180. Variation 20W. Calculate heading.

A

327M or 307T

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52
Q

Given LMT 830PM 3rd March at W121.15, find the UTC

A

4.34AM 4th March

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53
Q

Mercator Chart scale is 1:2000000 at 30S. What is the scale at 60S

A

1:1154700

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54
Q

Scale is 1:500000. Actually distance is 88NM. How many cm will that be on the map?

A

32.6cm

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55
Q

Something about reserve fuel and what is the latest time the plane can proceed with a landing approach

A

0545

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56
Q

Grid convergence is

A

Difference between grid North and true north

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57
Q

Compass north is

A

000 aircraft compass

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58
Q

Question showed lighted obstace

A

Inverted V - Obstacle
Inverted V with marks on TOP - Lighted obstacle
2 inverted V - Group obstacles
2 inverted V with marks on TOP - Lighted group obstacles

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59
Q

Your start off point to the first way point should be

A

Prominent landmark which you can obtain upon cruising altitude

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60
Q

True north can be measured from

A

Clockwise from anti meridian

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61
Q

Convert 238NM to SM

A

274SM

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62
Q

Why is apparent day not constant throughout the year

A

Because the earth does not orbit at a constant speed around the sun

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63
Q

Mercator Chart

A

Expands from the equator

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64
Q

Lambert convergence

A

Sin x parallel of origin

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65
Q

Purpose of liquid in compass

A

Dampen oscillations

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66
Q

When to do compass swing

A

Lightning strike

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67
Q

Compass swing, done when

A

Major aircraft components change

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68
Q

When is it necessary to swing the direct reading compass of an aircraft

A

After having been struck by lightning

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69
Q

What would affect compass swing

A

Magnetic freight

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70
Q

When are Lambert charts used

A

Mid lat great circles

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71
Q

Triangle of velocities

A

Vector quantities can be added and subtracted

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72
Q

Standard parallel on the Lambert chart

A

Cuts the reduced earth

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73
Q

Why are navigational maps constantly updated

A

Because the magnetic variation changes with time

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74
Q

Modern navigational charts are considered as

A

Mathematical and still a projection

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75
Q

What is layered tinting/coloured gradient

A

Used for ground in different elevation bands

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76
Q

What are contour lines

A

Lines of same elevation

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77
Q

AC cruising at 240kts TAS waypoint 1. Track and dist to waypoint 2 is 040T/120nm. The forecast W/V is 180deg T/30. What is elapsed time to waypoint 2

A

27min

X wind = wind speed x sin (Bigger angle - Smaller angle)

HDW Windspeed x cos (Bigger angle - Smaller angle)

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78
Q

What dist from the departure point will an aircraft reach FL350 if it departs from overhead at AL of 3000ft

Mean climb TAS = 230kts
Mean ROC = 1150fpm
Wind component for climb = +30kts

+ is tailwind, - is headwind

A

120nm

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79
Q

How are great circles compared to thumb lines with respect to the equator/pole

A

Convex to pole

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80
Q

What do the numbers mean on the following diagram?

Diagram shows a changeover point

A

The distance from and to changeover point

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81
Q

Ram rise is

A

Difference between RAT and SAT

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82
Q

RAT is

A

RR plus SAT

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83
Q

Lambert chart, great circles are

A

Concave to the parallel of origin

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84
Q

Your dist to go is 850nm, speed is 420Kts, wind component is -30. Calculate the time required to cover this distance

A

131 mins

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85
Q

RMI gives you a heading of 252M, variation at AC is 28W, variation at VOR is 32W. What is the bearing of your true plot form the VOR to you

Given - Goose VOR: 53N60W Aircraft: 56N55W

A
  1. Find true heading - 252 - 28 = 224T

2. Find true track = Approx less than 76M

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86
Q

A Lambert chart scale

A

Where differences between the standard parallels is 1%…

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87
Q 
Flight log question
Fly 10N45W UTC time from 0303 to 0354
Find average ground speed 
Use figure above ZATA (419nm)
Time travelled 51 mins
Average groundspeed kts
A

493kts

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88
Q

True direction is measured from

A

Clockwise from any meridian

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89
Q 
Total fuel tank capacity 325 litres
Total fuel on board 68USG (257l)
Flight time 1h17min
Fuel filled 198l to full tank 
AVGAS sg 0.72
Find fuel burn rate
A

162lbs/h

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90
Q

Start time 0445 UTC Fuel amt: 6700kg

2nd time check 0505UTC Fuel amt: 5900kg

Fuel for approach: 650kg
Fuel for missed approach, diversion and reserve fuel: 3300kg

Latest time to descend

A

0546UTC

0554UTC

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91
Q

To an observer on the North Pole, your earth rotate_____ and the earth rotates around the sun _____

A

Anti clockwise, Anti clockwise

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92
Q

Back bearing is the

A

Reciprocal of bearing from the observer

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93
Q

Radio bearing is referred to as

A

The reciprocal bearing to the observer

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94
Q

The RMI of an NDB from the aircraft is 325M. What is the bearing to plot from the NDB in T given that you are 35nm from the NDB

A

Plotting 35nm will help you see the variation line, which is stated on the chart as 23E.
Therefore, bearing to plot = 145M + 23E = 168T

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95
Q

They will give you a flight log

A

8253 or smth like that

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96
Q

What errors would you encounter when converting indicated Airspeed to Calibrated Airspeed

A

Position and Instrument error

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97
Q

IOAT/TAT/RAT

SAT(COAT) =

A

TAT (IOAT/RAT) - Ram Rise

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98
Q

RAT =

A

COAT + Ram Rise

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99
Q

IOAT =

A

OAT + Ram Rise

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100
Q

TAT =

A

SAT + Ram Rise

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101
Q

How are parallel of Latitude like on Mercator Chart?

A

Straight lines (+ Expanding away from the equator)

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102
Q

On a polar stereographic chart, a scale at the pole what is the scale at latitude 80deg

A

Use formula:

Scale at lat = scale at pole X sec2 (1/2 co-lat)

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103
Q

Given TAS 220kt, Flying from 3000ft to 15000ft, flying a TK of 66T. Average ground speed?

A

Ascend: 2/3 X higher altitude
Descend: 1/2 X Lower altitude

Use CRP5 to find HDG (do drift correction)

224 - 226kts

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104
Q

2 qn on air almanac.

A

Interpolate between 2 numbers, then convert to LMT of given longitude (15deg = 1hr)

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105
Q

Asked about the oblate spheroid shape of the earth. Qn was whether the diameter is longer at where

A

Diameter is longer over the equator than the poles

Diff is 43km

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106
Q

On a polar stereographic chart, what are the parallels of lat represented as?

A

Concentric circles…

107
Q

60NM North of VOR at FL350, 10NM South of VOR at FL120. What is the ROD /Descent gradient

A

ROD = 3.01deg

Descent gradient = 5.4%

108
Q

Polar stereographic chart is a ____ projection and the light source comes from___?

A

Plane, Opposite Pole

109
Q

Something about DR that when lost or smth what is the method of navigation known as

A

Ground to map reading

110
Q

When the snow and ice covers terrain ahead, and the sky is full of clouds(white out)

A

It can cause the horizon to “disappear” and can cause disorientation and it is very dangerous

111
Q

Shows a triangle and ask what is this

A

Non compulsory reporting point

112
Q

Descend from FL310 to 3000, CAS = 250kt, ISA +10.

Find TAS

A

1/2 of descend alt = (
31000 - 3000)/2
= 14000 + 3000 = 17000ft

ISA = 15- 2X15 = -19
Temp = -19+ 10 = -9
TAS = 329kt
113
Q

Ascend from 5000ft to FL250, TAS = 300kt, ISA +10, find CAS

114
Q

Given Mercator Chart of scale 1/6000000 at equator. Each meridian is 5deg apart, find chart length

A

5deg = 300NM = 9.26cm

115
Q

Which is correct for Meridians?

A

Great semicircle which meet at pole

116
Q

Given full tank 385L, current fuel in tank 68US Gal, flight time 1h17mins + smth. Tanks are filled after each flight: Amount filled 198L, specific density 0.72. Find rate of fuel brunt in lbs/hr

117
Q

What is true for ram rise

A

Cannot be found from TAT, but can be found from SAT

118
Q

Which of the following statement is correct

Regarding TAS, TAT, IOAT

A

Total air temp (TAT) cannot be used for Airspeed conversion but must be converted to static air temp (SAT)

119
Q

Latitudes on a Polar Stereographic chart is represented as

A

Curved line… arc of circle

120
Q

Given polar Stereographic chart, 5cm represents 70NM at the pole, what is the scale at 70deg lat?

A

Pole x sec2 (1/2 co-lat) = scale at lat

Scale at 70deg lat = 1/2514617

121
Q

Decrease in speed from 160kt to 140kt. What’s the change in descend 4 degrees glidescope

A

135fpm decrease

122
Q

Parallel of latitudes are

A

Smaller in circumference nearer to the poles

123
Q

Given scale of 1/6000000; difference of 5deg meridians. What’s the distance on the map

124
Q

2 VORs given. What does the number in the middle represents

A

Distance over VOR

125
Q

What’s an ideal chart

A

Angles on earth surface should be represented by same angles in chart

Scale should be constant and correct

Areas should be represented with the true shape on the chart

Equal areas on earths surface should be shown as equal areas on the chart

126
Q

What is the weight of fuel, in kg, of 12000USG with SG of 0.8

A

Convert USG to litres = 45424.944L

Litres to KG = 45424.944 x 0.8 = 36340

127
Q

How does the scale change for a polar stereographic chart

A

Expands away from equator

128
Q

Your flight has been cleared to descend from F280 and F170 and is to level off 40NM from a VOR. At what distance do you have to commence descend of your aircraft travels 3NM for every 1000’ change in altitude

A

(F280 - F170)/1000 = 11
Distance travelled = 3 x 11 = 33NM
Distance to descend = 33 + 40 = 73NM

129
Q

The ___ pole of the compass is attracted to the earths magnetic north and is completely horizontal when it is at the ____

A

Red, magnetic equator

130
Q

The primary purpose of the liquid in a direct reading compass is

A

To act as a damping medium

131
Q

When does the perihelion occur each year

132
Q

What is the great circle distance between 30N 10W and 30N 20W

133
Q

The initial great circle track between anchorage, Alaska and Tokyo, Japan is 269T. What is the rhumb line track

134
Q

On a Lambert chart, the projector of earth surface is onto a

135
Q

On a Mercator Chart, the reduced earth surface is projected on a

136
Q

On a polar stereographic chart, the reduced earth surface is projected on a

137
Q

What is the LMT at Tahiti if it is 1447 UTC

138
Q

What is the LMT at Sydney if it is 1330UTC

139
Q

When are acceleration errors the greatest in a direct reading compass

A

In the east/west direction

140
Q

How are lines of meridian represented on a Mercators chart

A

Straight parallel lines

141
Q

What does this symbol on a navigation chart represents

dots that made up a cirlce

142
Q

An AC RMI shows a heading of 240 and a relative bearing of 120deg to an NDB station. What is the bearing that is to be plotted on a lamberts chart from the NDB station

A

Variation at AC 10E
Variation at NDB 12E
Chart convergency 3deg

AC heading 240M
RBI reading 120 (Relative)
Mag heading 240M

AC variation 10E. True heading is 250T

Relative bearing = 120. So true bearing = 250T+120 = 370T

370T - 360 = 10T
Reciprocal = 190T

143
Q

What is the danger if the ground is completely covered by snow and ice and the sky is completely covered by clouds?

A

Disorientation as the horizon is indistinguishable since the skin and ground merges

144
Q

When a straight railway line is spotted on ground, it can

A

Be used only in conjunction with other lines of reference

145
Q

Your heading is 330T with a 5deg right drift. What is the heading required to make good the reciprocal track

A

330 + 5 = 335

335 - 180 = 155T

146
Q

Flying from A to B, you find that you are 2NM left of track 30NM from A. The distance between A & B is 60NM. What is your track angle error

A

Dist off/Dist travelled x 60

2/30 x 60 = 4

147
Q

What is total air temp

A

OAT + Ram Rise = TAT

148
Q

What is the true altitude if the indicated altitude is F310 and ISA + 15

A

31000 + 15/273 x 31000 = 32700

32900

149
Q

What are the wind components for takeoff on runway 03 with wind 350/25

A 
Head = 250cos40 = 19kts
Cross = 250sin40 = 16kts from LEFT
150
Q

Mach no calculation with TAS and OAT given

A

M = TAS + LSS

LSS = sqrt (temp in kelvin)

151
Q

What do contour lines on topographic map represents

A

Joins points with same ground elevation

152
Q

What represents points of same variation

153
Q

How do you Ensure the direct reading compass is within acceptable limits before flight

A

Check the alignment against runway heading

154
Q

Something about check the serviceability of the compass

A

Check the deviation card is up to date

155
Q

What precaution must be taken while flying visually at latitudes where the sun remains at Low on the horizon for Long periods of time

A

Avoid using tall objects as visual reference points as they can cast Long shadows which can be confusing

156
Q

Knowing the earth is an oblate spheroid meaning

A

The equator diameter is greater than the polar diameter

157
Q

Factors affecting dead reckoning

A

Actual wind

158
Q

If scale is 1:5000000 on a polar stereographic chart , what is the scale at 82N

159
Q

For a direct reading compass card, what is done to reduce dip

A

Pendulously suspended

160
Q

What are the components used in “triangles of velocities”

A

Hdg, track, ground speed, wind velocity

161
Q

Defn of minimum enroute altitude (MEA)

A

Lowest published altitude between radio navigation fixes that assures acceptable navigational signal coverage and meets obstacles clearances requirements between those fixes

162
Q

VFR piston engine climb 16lb, trip 86lb, hold fuel 64lb. What’s the fuel required

163
Q

When looking for a feature in Low horizon

A

Must be uplight so well illuminated

164
Q

What is the great circle dist between 30degN10W and 30degN20W

165
Q

What is the great circle dist between 10degN20W and 10degS30W

166
Q

The angle between equator and a heavenly body is

A

Declination

167
Q

Mercator Chart convergence

168
Q

Lambert convergence

A

Sine x parallel of origin

169
Q

Regarding flight log

2 waypoints (N15W140 to N10W100). Find fuel consumption and ground speed

1st waypoint @ 0303UTC
2nd waypoint @ 0354UTC

51mins = 0.85h

Fuel remaining and fuel required

A

81.2

Fuel consumption : between 3000 - 4000

Ground speed: Between 300 - 400

170
Q

Red compass

A

Points towards magnetic North Pole, dip is fully horizontal and way between poles

171
Q

Pre flight test

A

Check against runway alignment

172
Q

Why is apparent solar time diff

A

Apparent solar time is earth rotation measured against the sun, therefor duration is not fixed

173
Q

RR =

174
Q

Ground speed =

A

TAS + Wind

175
Q

Compass deviation

A

-ve is west, +ve is east

176
Q

4 deg right

A

HDG is 86, track is 90

177
Q

HDG 085M, ADF 345R, variation is 10W. What is true bearing of NDB from aircraft

A

60T

ADF shows relative heading of AC heading to VOR

RMI shows magnetic heading wrt to magnetic north to VOR

345 + 85 - 360 = 70

70-10 = 60

178
Q

Is perfect scale attainable?

A

Never attainable

179
Q

Lambert standard parallels

A

Is where the cone cuts the reduced earth

180
Q

Descent from FL250 to 5000ft with average TAS 300kts, temp ISA+15, find CAS

181
Q

AC descending from F370 to 3000ft with CAS 250kts. ISA + 10. What is the average TAS on descend

182
Q

Which of the following should a visual checkpoint have

A

Unique
Vertical extent
Contrast

183
Q

AC in SH turns left from 045deg to 315deg. At the end of the turn, compass reads___ than 315degM. Pilot should stop turn approximately at ____

A

Less than, 285M

UNOS (NH)
Need to undershoot = stop early

ONUS (SH)
Need to overshoot = stop late

184
Q

What property must a chart possess to be conformal

A

Scale although varying, must be the same in all directions at any point

185
Q

When navigating visually under VFR with a turning point that does not have an associated visual feature

A

Turn onto next track should be made at the calculated DR time and position for the turning point

186
Q

Earth travels around the sun at an elliptical orbit. The closest point to the sun along this orbit referred to as

A

Perihelion 4th Jan

187
Q

Morning civil twilight is

A

The one when the center of the sun is 6deg below the horizon to the time of the sunrise

188
Q

Defn of 1NM

A

One minute of longitude present 1NM

189
Q

What is mean rate climb required? 4% climb gradient for initial climb of 2000ft, mean climb TAS=160kt
Mean climb wind=15kt headwind

A

580

GS = 160 - 15 = 145
Horizontal ground dist = 2000/4 x 100 = 50000ft = 8.23NM
Time taken = 8.23/145 x 60 = 3.4min
Mean climb rate = 2000/3.4 = 587kts

190
Q

Flight planning info to solve climb and descend calculations found in

191
Q

The visual navigation technique using DR position to locate landmark on the chart is

A

Ground to map reading

192
Q

Rate of descent to maintain 2.5deg?

ILS g/s at groundspeed 150kts

A

625

GS x 5 (Angle / 3)
150 x 5 (2.5/3) = 625

193
Q

What is the distance from equator to a North Pole

194
Q

When earth is furthest

A

Aphelion 4 Jul

195
Q

Perth VOR N56 26.6 W003 22.0 ramme VOR N56 28.7 E008 11.3. Distance between the two is

A

383nm

Dep = (Ch Long x 60) * cos (mean lat)

196
Q

Calculate LMT for sunset at Narita on 5th March N35 45.5 E140 22.6. LST Japan UTC + 9

A

1759LMT 5th March

197
Q

Aircraft heading of 240T, what is the magnetic heading if var is 23E, compass Dev on current heading is 2E

198
Q

Compass north is

A

Direction a compass needle points to

199
Q

Standard parallel of lamberts conformal chart is

A

Scale is correct on the standard parallel

200
Q

What happens to scale on Mercator Chart

A

Expands away from equator

201
Q

How are great circles depicted on Mercator Chart

A

Curved lines concave to the equator

202
Q

What is meant by chart conformity

A

Lat and Long must cut each other at right angles

Equal rate of scale change, both north/south and east/west

203
Q

1cm on polar stereo chart equals 5.4nm at the pole. What is the chart approx scale at 80deg

A

1:1000000

Chart scale = 1/1000080

Scale at 80deg =
1/1000080 * 1/cos5deg * 1/cos5deg

204
Q

Cruising at F330 where SAT is -46deg. What is true altitude

A

33660

ISA deviation = 5deg
TA = F330 + 5/273 * F330 = F336

205
Q

What TAS is required to maintain ground speed 300kts along a track of 90deg if wind is 225T/40kts

A

273kts

Tailwind = 40cos45deg
TAS = 300 - 40cos45deg = 271kts
206
Q

What heading to maintain track of 235M if wind is 330T at 50kts and AC TAS is 300kts? Var is 4E

A

245M

True heading = 235 + 4 = 239
249T - 4 = 245M

207
Q

AC cruising at F330 speed M84. What is TAS if ISA dev is +11

A

499

TAS = M * LSS

208
Q

A KM is defined as

A

1/10000 of the dist between Equator and either pole

209
Q

Mean ground in descent is 280kts, what is required ROD

A

1470ft

ROD = 5x GS = 1400

210
Q

What happens when the sun is at Low altitude

A

Obstacles must be recognised

Do not use tall reference points as they cast a Long shadow which can fool you

211
Q

Wind

A

True heading

212
Q

INS flies by

A

True heading

213
Q

What happens to scale in a Lambert chart

A

Contracts between the standard parallels

214
Q

Prior to descent, it is impt to check your lat and Long in order to

A

Ensure safe ground clearance

215
Q

What is ram air temp

A

RAT = COAT/OAT/SAT + Ram rise

216
Q

Ram rise is

A

The diff between TAT and SAT

217
Q

You are at 2500’ at 10nm from the airport when you commended your descent. 5nm from the airport, you are at 1250’. Calculate descent gradient

218
Q

You are flying at track 090T with left drift of 5deg. Variation is 18degW. What is the compass deviation if the compass heading shows 115degC

219
Q

F350 to F390, maintain 0.84 Mach. GS is?

220
Q

The earths tilt causes

221
Q

What can be done to make a compass aperiodic/deadbeat

222
Q

Defn of 1NM

A

Subtends to one minute of a great circle

223
Q

A question about Airspeed indicator

A

The static temp can be used for ASI calculations

224
Q

Heading for A to B is 80deg, distance 60NM. Halfway track is 2nm left. What’s the total track to B

225
Q

Heading 284T, AFF 183deg, variation 20W. Know how to calculate the angle in magnetic. The figures might not be exactly same but know how to calculate

A

127

284 + 183 = 467
467 - 360 = 107
107 + 20W = 127

226
Q

AC is climbing from 3000ft to F330. At which flight level can be used to calculate climb wind velocity

A

23000ft

(33000 - 3000) x 2/3 + 3000 = 23000

227
Q

What is the TAS? COAT: -65deg Mach: 0.795

228
Q

You are overflying a VOR with a heading of 300M. 9 minutes and 40NM later, your relative bearing to the VOR is 305M. What is the wind direction and wind speed

A

TAS = 60/9 * 40

= 267

229
Q

Track is 090T. W/V 315T/30kts. Where will your plane end up?

230
Q

The track is 14T at 448kt. The heading is 7T at 433kt. Find wind speed and bearing

A

267T/55kts

a2 = b2 + c2 - 2bc (cosA)

231
Q

Question on flight log, interpret the fuel consumption over 2 timings

A
  1. Calculate actual flight time between the 2 waypoints
  2. Using 2 listed FuelRM values in BLUE HANDWRITING, find the difference.
  3. Find fuel consumption rate (per hour)
232
Q

Mercator Chart (Lat and Long)

A

Both are straight lines

233
Q

Diff between true north and grid north

A

Grid convergency

234
Q

What is zenith

A

Point on the sky vertically overhead an observer

235
Q

Singapore 01degN, 103degW to Nauru island 00degS, find approx dist

236
Q

120degE, LMT is 0724, find UTC at 120degW

A

2324UTC, previous day

237
Q

Meridians of longitude

A

Great circles containing the polar axis

238
Q

Diagram of changeover point

A

Choose option with dist 68NM, changeover point is the dist

239
Q

TAS 270kts, after 20min, you deviate 3NM to the left of your original track 200degT, what is your actual drift if you have been heading 208degT

240
Q

What would affect compass swinging

A

Magnetic freight

241
Q

Lambert conformal, parallel of latitudes

A

Concave to Poles

242
Q

Question in a flight log and asked to find the average ground speed from 2 diff times 10N140 and 15N145

243
Q

According to the aircraft flight manual, the landing dist req is 1646ft. Convert into metres

244
Q

While navigating visually when the sun is Low on the horizon (during winter months or at high latitudes). It is impt to Ensure the visual features chosen to check position are

A

Of sufficient size, shape and contrast to be adequately see

245
Q

What is the descent gradient for an aircraft that is descending on track that crosses a VOR

60NM north of VOR, alt is F350
010NM South of VOR, alt is F120

246
Q

What he aight above the threshold would an aircraft be at 15NM from the threshold on a 3.5degree slope that passes over the threshold at 50ft

247
Q

Prior to descent, it is impt to determine aircraft position accuracy, I order to

A

Ensure safe ground clearance

248
Q

An AC is flying from A to B and is 2NM to the left of track, 30NM from A and distance between A to B = 60NM. The track from A to B is 090M. Heading maintained since overhead A is 084M

What is the correct required magnetic heading to make good B

249
Q

When navigating visually under VFR with a turning point that does not have an associated visual features

A

The turn onto the next track should be a made at the calculated DR time and position for the turn point

250
Q

According to flight manual, the landing distance req is 1645ft

251
Q

Using sheet provided. Calculate LMT for ECT at FUA AMOTO airport on 7 March

FUA AMOTO S21 14.5 W175 08.5

A

1845 LMT 7 March

252
Q

Using diagram to determine the sunrise time in HONOLULU HAWAII on 10 April.

253
Q

LMT at Tahiti at 1425

254
Q

LMT in Sydney at 1330UTC

255
Q

Which one of the following factors has the greatest effect in the duration of twilight

256
Q

An AC takes off from 14S 160E. It flies the following tracks and dist
360T for 540nm
090T for 1800nm
180T for 300nm

What are the latitude and longitude of the destination

257
Q

What is the compass heading required to fly a true heading 245T if comapss deviation is 1E and deviation is 17W

258
Q

When a straight railway line is spotted on ground, it can

A

Be used only in conjunction with other lines of reference

259
Q

Your heading is 330T with a 5deg right drift. What is the heading required to make good the reciprocal track

A

155T

330+5 = 335
335-180 = 155
260
Q

Flying A to B, you find that you are 2NM left of track 30NM from A. The distance between A&B is 60NM. What is your track angle error

A

4deg

Dist off/dist travelled x 60 =

2/30 x 60 = 4deg

261
Q

What is the true altitude if the indicated altitude is F310 and ISA+15

A

32700

True altitude =
indicated alt + (ISA dev/273 x indicated alt)

310 + 15/273 x 310 = 32700

262
Q

What are the wind components for takeoff on runway 03 with wind 350/25

A

Headwind = 25cos40 = 19kts

Crosswind =25sin40 = 16kts from LEFT

263
Q

Factors affecting dead reckoning

A

Actual wind

264
Q

Scale is 1:5000000 on a Polar Stereographic chart, what is the scale at 82N

A

Scale at 82degN =

Scale at Pole 1/cos(1/28) x 1/cos(1/2*8)

= 1/4975670

Banks (5 decks)

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