glycolysis

Question 1

glycolysis investment

Answer 1

glucose to fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate

Question 2

splitting stage

Answer 2

Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 3

energy conservation

Answer 3

glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to pyruvate

Question 4

glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

Answer 4

phosphate group added, negative charge means it wont pass through membrane
catalysed by hexokinase

Question 5

kinase

Answer 5

any enzyme that phosphorylates using ATP

Question 6

reasons glycolysis needs control

Answer 6

link supply with demand
allows cells / organisms to respond to environment
maintain constant internal environment

Question 7

pyruvate entry into CAC

Answer 7

oxidative decarboxylation
thiamine pyrophosphate - thiamine
pyruvate dehydrogenase
FAD-FADH2

Question 8

thiamine

Answer 8

found in grain husks and wheat

Question 9

beri beri

Answer 9

bitamin B1 deficiency
extreme weakness
numbness of limbs
loss of appetite

Question 10

pyruvate to lactate

Answer 10

anaerobic conditions

lactate dehydrogenase

Question 11

oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 11

takes place inside mitochondria

formation of ATP by transferring electrons to NADH

Question 12

Q cycle

Answer 12

mechanism that couples electron transfer from QH2 to cytochrome C

Question 13

carbon monoxide

Answer 13

high affinity to Hb reduces amount of oxygen getting to cells

Question 14

cyanide

Answer 14

binds to complex IV (cytochrome C oxidase) and blocks oxidative phosphorylation

Question 15

salicylate

Answer 15

forms pores in inner membrane

protons pass through w/o generating ATP

Question 16

electron motive force

Answer 16

electrons flow from NADH or FADH2 to O2
flow via a series of proton complexes located in inner mitochondrial membrane
results in pumping of protons H+ out of mitochondrial matrix into intermembrane space

Question 17

proton motive force

Answer 17

uneven distribution of protons generates pH gradient and transmembrane electrical potential