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Biochemistry > Glycolysis > Flashcards

Glycolysis Flashcards

1
Q

What does glycolysis metabolize?

A

1 molecule of Glucose to 2 molecules of Pyruvate to generate 2 molecules of ATP

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2
Q

What monosaccharides make up sucrose?

A

Glucose and Fructose

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3
Q

What monosaccharides make up lactose?

A

glucose and galactose

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4
Q

What is the only “fuel” RBC’s can use?

A

Glucose

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5
Q

GLUT 1?

A

Expressed highly in brain and RBC’s has high affinity (low Km), unregulated

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6
Q

GLUT 2?

A

Main glucose transporter in liver, low affinity (high Km), unregulated

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7
Q

GLUT 3?

A

Main transporter in neurons, high affinity (low Km), unregulated

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8
Q

GLUT 4?

A

Present in skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose. Insulin dependent

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9
Q

Where does glycolysis occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is the first step in Glycolysis where ATP is used?

A

To convert Glucose to G6P with hexokinase

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11
Q

What is the second step in glycolysis where ATP is uded?

A

To convert Fructose-6-Phosphate to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate using PFK

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12
Q

What is the first stage in glycolysis where ATP is made?

A

When going from 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate to 3-phosphoglycerate using Phosphoglycerate kinase

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13
Q

What is teh second stage where ATP is made in glycolysis?

A

In the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate using pyruvate kinase

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14
Q

The first stage of Glycolysis begins and ends with what?

A

begins with the phosphorylation of glucose and ends with isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP)

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15
Q

What three reactions does stage one of glycolysis involve?

A

Phosphorylation, isomerization, phosphorylation again

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16
Q

Step 1 in Glycolysis is?

A

Phosphorylating Glucose with Hexokinase to G6P. This step consumes ATP. (glucokinase is used in liver)

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17
Q

Step 2 in Glycolysis?

A

Isomerize G6P to Fructose-6-phosphate (F6P) using phosphoglucoisomerase

18
Q

Step 3 in Glycolysis?

A

F6P is phosphorylated to Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F1,6BP) using PFK. ATP is consumed. PFK is the rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis

19
Q

Step 4 Glycolysis?

A

F1,6BP is broken to G3P and DHAP by aldolase. Equilibrium favors G3P so most is converted back.

20
Q

Step 5 Glycolysis?

A

DHAP isomerized to G3P by the enzyme triose phosphate isomerase

21
Q

Step 6 Glycolysis? (Stage 2)

A

GAP (G3P) undergoes oxidative phosphorylation by Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase to form 1,3-BPG. This step generates NADH for the electron transport chain.

22
Q

Step 7 Glycolysis?

A

1,3-BPG is converted to 3-phpsphoglycerate (3-PG) by phosphoglycerate kinase. This step produces ATP.

23
Q

Step 8 Glycolysis?

A

3-PG is converted using phosphoglycerate mutase into 2-PG.

24
Q

Step 9 Glycolysis?

A

2-PG is dehydrated to form PEP, which is unstable. This is done by enolase.

25
Q

Step 10 Glycolysis?

A

PEP is converted to Pyruvate (stable ketone) using pyruvate kinase, an irreversible step. This also creates ATP

26
Q

Glucose + ATP –>G6P + ADP + H. What enzyme is missing?

A

Hexokinase

27
Q

G6P F6P. What enzyme is missing, what step?

A

phosphoglucose isomerase, step 2

28
Q

F6P + ATP—> F1,6BP + ADP + H. What enzyme is missing and what step?

A

PFK (Rate limiting enzyme), step 3

29
Q

F1,6BP DHAP + G3P. What enzyme and what step?

A

Aldolase,Step 4

30
Q

DHAP G3P. What enzyme and step?

A

Enzyme triose phosphate isomerase, step 5

31
Q

G3P + Pi + NAD 1,3BPG + NADH + H. Enzyme and step?

A

GAPDH Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphatedehydrogenase, step 6

32
Q

1,3-BPG + ADP 3PG + ATP. What enzyme and step?

A

Phosphoglycerate kinase, step 7

33
Q

3PG 2PG. Enzyme and step

A

Phosphoglycerate mutase, step 8

34
Q

2PG PEP + H2O. What enzyme and step

A

enolase, Step 9

35
Q

PEP + ADP + H —–> Pyruvate + ATP

A

Pyruvate Kinase, irreversible, step 10

36
Q

How can pyruvate be reduced to lactate?

A

With regeneration of NAD+

37
Q

what are the three outcomes pyruvate can udergo?

A

Acetyl CoA, Lactate (anaerobic), Acetaldehyde further to Ethanol.

38
Q

What regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis to continue?

A

Pyruvate to Lactate

39
Q

What two monosaccharides can be converted into glycolytic intermediates?

A

Fructrose and Galactose

40
Q

What is significant about Fructose metbolism?

A

It by passes the rate limiting step of PFK, and G3P goes into making triaglycerols.

41
Q

What are the three major regulatory enzymes?

A

Hexokinase, PFK, Pyruvate Kinase

Biochemistry (14 decks)

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