Amino Acids Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Hydrophobic amino acids:

A
  • Gly
  • Ala
  • Pro
  • Val
  • Leu
  • Ile
  • Met
  • Trp
  • Phe

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2
Q

Name the polar amino acids:

A
  • Ser
  • Thr
  • Tyr
  • Asn (N)
  • Gln
  • Cys

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3
Q

What is the only amino acid that can participate in redox reactions?

A

Cysteine

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4
Q

What are the basic amino acids?

A
  • His
  • Arg
  • Lys

Hal is basic. Not one letter abbreviations.

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5
Q

What is the difference between D and E?

A

Glutamaic acid has one more CH2 group than Aspartic acid

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6
Q

What is the pKa of acidic amino acids?

A

around 4

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7
Q

What is the pKa of basic side chains?

A
  • Arg:12
  • His:6
  • Lys:10
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8
Q

What are the tiny amino acids?

A
  • Ala, A
  • Cys, C
  • Gly, G
  • Ser, S
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9
Q
A

Alanine Ala A

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10
Q
A

Arg

Basic

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11
Q
A

Asparagine Asn N

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12
Q
A

Asp D

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13
Q
A

Cys

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14
Q
A

Gln Q

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15
Q
A

Glu E

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16
Q
A

Gly

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25
Thr T
26
Trp W
27
Tyr Y
28
Val V
29
Name the Large AA:
* I * L * M * R * K
30
Very large amino acids?
* Y * W * F
31
Medium AA?
* V * E * H * Q
32
Small AA?
* P * T * D * N
33
What are the essential amino acids?
We cant synthesize: Pvt Tim Hall * H * I * L * T (Thr) * K (leu) * F (Phe) * W (Trp) * V * R * M
34
35
What amino acids have higher consumption than production?
R and M
36
What is the 21st amino acid?
Selenocysteine, Sec, U pKa is 5.2 it is deprotonated at physiological pH Synthesized from Serine Can be synthesized into alanine in animals * \*\*Reduces Oxidative stresses with vitamin E * \*\*Required in the cerebellum for nerurons and growth coordination
37
When there are defencies in Selenium what results? (Selenocysteine deficiency)
Myopathies: * Keshan disease: cardiomyopathy from a defeciency in selenium in the diet oxidative stress is not fixed and treated with Se supplements * Statin intolerance called Rhabdomyolysis which inhibit Sec-tRNA Immune incompetence
38
39
What happens if there is too much Se in diet?
* Brittle har and nails * garlic breath * GI and neurological lesions * Myopathies * Renal failure * Death
40
What is the 22nd amino acid?
Pyrrolysine Pyl O ## Footnote Made by combining two lysines Found only in prokaryotes all are methanogens