Amino Acids Flashcards
1
Q
Name the Hydrophobic amino acids:
A
- Gly
- Ala
- Pro
- Val
- Leu
- Ile
- Met
- Trp
- Phe
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2
Q
Name the polar amino acids:
A
- Ser
- Thr
- Tyr
- Asn (N)
- Gln
- Cys
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3
Q
What is the only amino acid that can participate in redox reactions?
A
Cysteine
4
Q
What are the basic amino acids?
A
- His
- Arg
- Lys
Hal is basic. Not one letter abbreviations.
5
Q
What is the difference between D and E?
A
Glutamaic acid has one more CH2 group than Aspartic acid
6
Q
What is the pKa of acidic amino acids?
A
around 4
7
Q
What is the pKa of basic side chains?
A
- Arg:12
- His:6
- Lys:10
8
Q
What are the tiny amino acids?
A
- Ala, A
- Cys, C
- Gly, G
- Ser, S
9
Q

A
Alanine Ala A
10
Q

A
Arg
Basic
11
Q

A
Asparagine Asn N
12
Q

A
Asp D
13
Q

A
Cys
14
Q

A
Gln Q
15
Q

A
Glu E
16
Q

A
Gly
17
Q

A
His
18
Q

A
Ile
19
Q

A
Leu
20
Q

A
Lys
21
Q

A
Met
22
Q

A
Phe
23
Q

A
Pro
24
Q

A
Ser
25

Thr T
26

Trp W
27

Tyr Y
28

Val V
29
Name the Large AA:
* I
* L
* M
* R
* K
30
Very large amino acids?
* Y
* W
* F
31
Medium AA?
* V
* E
* H
* Q
32
Small AA?
* P
* T
* D
* N
33
What are the essential amino acids?
We cant synthesize:
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* H
* I
* L
* T (Thr)
* K (leu)
* F (Phe)
* W (Trp)
* V
* R
* M
34
35
What amino acids have higher consumption than production?
R and M
36
What is the 21st amino acid?
Selenocysteine, Sec, U
pKa is 5.2 it is deprotonated at physiological pH
Synthesized from Serine
Can be synthesized into alanine in animals
* \*\*Reduces Oxidative stresses with vitamin E
* \*\*Required in the cerebellum for nerurons and growth coordination
37
When there are defencies in Selenium what results?
(Selenocysteine deficiency)
Myopathies:
* Keshan disease: cardiomyopathy from a defeciency in selenium in the diet oxidative stress is not fixed and treated with Se supplements
* Statin intolerance called Rhabdomyolysis which inhibit Sec-tRNA
Immune incompetence
38
39
What happens if there is too much Se in diet?
* Brittle har and nails
* garlic breath
* GI and neurological lesions
* Myopathies
* Renal failure
* Death
40
What is the 22nd amino acid?
Pyrrolysine Pyl O
## Footnote
Made by combining two lysines
Found only in prokaryotes all are methanogens