Amino Acids

Question 1

Name the Hydrophobic amino acids:

Answer 1

• Gly
• Ala
• Pro
• Val
• Leu
• Ile
• Met
• Trp
• Phe

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Question 2

Name the polar amino acids:

Answer 2

• Ser
• Thr
• Tyr
• Asn (N)
• Gln
• Cys

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Question 3

What is the only amino acid that can participate in redox reactions?

Answer 3

Cysteine

Question 4

What are the basic amino acids?

Answer 4

• His
• Arg
• Lys

Hal is basic. Not one letter abbreviations.

Question 5

What is the difference between D and E?

Answer 5

Glutamaic acid has one more CH2 group than Aspartic acid

Question 6

What is the pKa of acidic amino acids?

Answer 6

around 4

Question 7

What is the pKa of basic side chains?

Answer 7

• Arg:12
• His:6
• Lys:10

Question 8

What are the tiny amino acids?

Answer 8

• Ala, A
• Cys, C
• Gly, G
• Ser, S

Question 9

Answer 9

Alanine Ala A

Question 10

Answer 10

Arg

Basic

Question 11

Answer 11

Asparagine Asn N

Question 12

Answer 12

Asp D

Question 13

Answer 13

Cys

Question 14

Answer 14

Gln Q

Question 15

Answer 15

Glu E

Question 16

Answer 16

Gly

Question 17

Answer 17

His

Question 18

Answer 18

Ile

Question 19

Answer 19

Leu

Question 20

Answer 20

Lys

Question 21

Answer 21

Met

Question 22

Answer 22

Phe

Question 23

Answer 23

Pro

Question 24

Answer 24

Ser

Question 25

Answer 25

Thr T

Question 26

Answer 26

Trp W

Question 27

Answer 27

Tyr Y

Question 28

Answer 28

Val V

Question 29

Name the Large AA:

Answer 29

• I
• L
• M
• R
• K

Question 30

Very large amino acids?

Answer 30

• Y
• W
• F

Question 31

Medium AA?

Answer 31

• V
• E
• H
• Q

Question 32

Small AA?

Answer 32

• P
• T
• D
• N

Question 33

What are the essential amino acids?

Answer 33

We cant synthesize:

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• H
• I
• L
• T (Thr)
• K (leu)
• F (Phe)
• W (Trp)
• V
• R
• M

Question 35

What amino acids have higher consumption than production?

Answer 35

R and M

Question 36

What is the 21st amino acid?

Answer 36

Selenocysteine, Sec, U

pKa is 5.2 it is deprotonated at physiological pH

Synthesized from Serine

Can be synthesized into alanine in animals

• **Reduces Oxidative stresses with vitamin E
• **Required in the cerebellum for nerurons and growth coordination

Question 37

When there are defencies in Selenium what results?

(Selenocysteine deficiency)

Answer 37

Myopathies:

• Keshan disease: cardiomyopathy from a defeciency in selenium in the diet oxidative stress is not fixed and treated with Se supplements
• Statin intolerance called Rhabdomyolysis which inhibit Sec-tRNA

Immune incompetence

Question 39

What happens if there is too much Se in diet?

Answer 39

• Brittle har and nails
• garlic breath
• GI and neurological lesions
• Myopathies
• Renal failure
• Death

Question 40

What is the 22nd amino acid?

Answer 40

Pyrrolysine Pyl O

Made by combining two lysines

Found only in prokaryotes all are methanogens