Amino Acids Flashcards
Name the Hydrophobic amino acids:
- Gly
- Ala
- Pro
- Val
- Leu
- Ile
- Met
- Trp
- Phe
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Name the polar amino acids:
- Ser
- Thr
- Tyr
- Asn (N)
- Gln
- Cys
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What is the only amino acid that can participate in redox reactions?
Cysteine
What are the basic amino acids?
- His
- Arg
- Lys
Hal is basic. Not one letter abbreviations.
What is the difference between D and E?
Glutamaic acid has one more CH2 group than Aspartic acid
What is the pKa of acidic amino acids?
around 4
What is the pKa of basic side chains?
- Arg:12
- His:6
- Lys:10
What are the tiny amino acids?
- Ala, A
- Cys, C
- Gly, G
- Ser, S
Alanine Ala A
Arg
Basic
Asparagine Asn N
Asp D
Cys
Gln Q
Glu E
Gly
His
Ile
Leu
Lys
Met
Phe
Pro
Ser
Thr T
Trp W
Tyr Y
Val V
Name the Large AA:
- I
- L
- M
- R
- K
Very large amino acids?
- Y
- W
- F
Medium AA?
- V
- E
- H
- Q
Small AA?
- P
- T
- D
- N
What are the essential amino acids?
We cant synthesize:
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- H
- I
- L
- T (Thr)
- K (leu)
- F (Phe)
- W (Trp)
- V
- R
- M
What amino acids have higher consumption than production?
R and M
What is the 21st amino acid?
Selenocysteine, Sec, U
pKa is 5.2 it is deprotonated at physiological pH
Synthesized from Serine
Can be synthesized into alanine in animals
- **Reduces Oxidative stresses with vitamin E
- **Required in the cerebellum for nerurons and growth coordination
When there are defencies in Selenium what results?
(Selenocysteine deficiency)
Myopathies:
- Keshan disease: cardiomyopathy from a defeciency in selenium in the diet oxidative stress is not fixed and treated with Se supplements
- Statin intolerance called Rhabdomyolysis which inhibit Sec-tRNA
Immune incompetence
What happens if there is too much Se in diet?
- Brittle har and nails
- garlic breath
- GI and neurological lesions
- Myopathies
- Renal failure
- Death
What is the 22nd amino acid?
Pyrrolysine Pyl O
Made by combining two lysines
Found only in prokaryotes all are methanogens
