glycolysis Flashcards
mitochondria
Cell organelle where energy-producing reactions take place.
ATP (energy) producing factories in the cell
Catabolism
Metabolic chemical reactions in which larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones. These reactions tend to be oxidative and produce energy.
ATP
is often referred to as the energy currency of the cell
It contains adenine base, ribose sugar and three phosphate
ADP
Low energy form of ATP. Contains adenine base, ribose sugar, and two phosphate
Why is ATP higher form of ADP?
ATP has a 3 phosphate bonded to four negative charged oxygens.
ADP only has two phosphate bonded to three negative charge oxygen.
Isomers
two or more compounds with the same formula but a different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.
Energy investment
2 ATP is used
Energy harvest
Formation of 2 NADH and net of 2 ATP
Metabolism
The sum of all chemical reactions occurring in an organism.
metabolic pathway
A series of biochemical reactions leading to a common product.
calorie
The energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1oC
Calorie
is the energy needed to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1oC.
biochemical reaction
When a chemical reaction occurs in a living system
Anabolism
refers to chemical reactions where metabolites combine to form larger molecules.
Mechanical digestion
the physical breakdown of large food pieces into smaller pieces via mastication.
Chemical digestion
enzymes catalyze hydrolysis reactions to break down large food pieces into metabolites the body can use.
Amylase breaks down
starches
Phosphorylation
Adding a phosphate group to a substrate. Performed by a kinase enzyme
Isomerization
A molecule changes from one isomer to the other (this is different from stereoisomer). Performed by isomerase or mutase
De-Phosphorylation:
Removing a phosphate group from a substrate. Also performed by a kinase.
Cleavage:
Breaking a covalent bond is typically called cleaving. (Typically through a method other than hydrolysis). In glycolysis, performed by Aldolase.
Glycolysis end result
2 ATPs are used to start the process–> 4 ATP is produced
Net yield: 2 ATP/molecules of glucose
