Glycolysis

Question 1

What is step 1 of glycolysis (Glucose Activation)? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 1

Enzyme: Hexokinase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: Glucose (6 carbons) is phosphorylated by adding a phosphate group, converting it into glucose-6-phosphate (G6P, still 6 carbons).
Energy Cost: 1 ATP molecule is used.

Question 2

What is step 2 of glycolysis (Glucose Splitting)? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 2

Enzyme: Phosphoglucose isomerase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: G6P is rearranged into fructose-6-phosphate (F6P, still 6 carbons).

Question 3

What is step 3 of glycolysis (Further Activation)? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 3

Enzyme: Phosphofructokinase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: F6P is phosphorylated again to form fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP, still 6 carbons).
Energy Cost: 1 ATP molecule is used.

Question 4

What is step 4 of glycolysis (Splitting in Two) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 4

Enzyme: Aldolase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: FBP is split into two 3-carbon molecules: dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P).

Question 5

What is step 5 of glycolysis (Rearrangement) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 5

Enzyme: Triose phosphate isomerase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: DHAP is converted into another G3P molecule.

Question 6

What is step 6 of glycolysis (Energy Harvesting) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 6

Enzyme: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: G3P is oxidized, and NAD+ is reduced to form NADH. A phosphate group is added, forming 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3-BPG).
Energy Gain: 2 NADH molecules and 4 ATP molecules (net gain of 2 ATP) are produced.

Question 7

What is step 7 of glycolysis (ATP Production) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 7

Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate kinase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: 1,3-BPG donates a phosphate group to ADP, creating 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PG) and ATP.

Question 8

What is step 8 of glycolysis (Rearrangement) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 8

Enzyme: Phosphoglycerate mutase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: 3-PG is converted into 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PG).

Question 9

What is step 9 of glycolysis (Dehydration) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 9

Enzyme: Enolase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: 2-PG loses a water molecule to form phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP).

Question 10

What is step 10 of glycolysis (ATP Production) ? Include enzyme, location, and process.

Answer 10

Enzyme: Pyruvate kinase
Location: Cytoplasm
Process: PEP donates a phosphate group to ADP, generating pyruvate and ATP.
Energy Gain: 2 ATP molecules are produced.