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glyc0s1d3s Flashcards

1
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Digitalis lanata

/grecian foxglove

A

digoxin

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2
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Digitalis purpurea

/foxglove

A
  • digitoxin
  • gitoxin
  • gitaloxin
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3
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Convallaria majalis

/lily of the valley

A

convallotoxin

dried rhizome, roots

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4
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

  • Apocynum cannabinurn
  • Apocynum androsaemifolium

/dog bane, black indian hemp, canadian hemp

A

cymarin

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5
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Adonis vernalis

/pheasant’s eye

A
  • adonitoxin
  • cymarin
  • k-strophanthin
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6
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Selenicereus grandiflorus

/cactus grandiflorus, night blooming cereus

A

in fresh, succulent stem of wild-growing

walang nakalagay na name

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7
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Helleborus niger

/christmas rose

A

hellebrin

dried rhizome, roots

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8
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Strophanthus kombe

A

strophantin, ouabain

dried ripe seeds

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9
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Urginea maritima

A

scillaren

dried inner scales of the bulb of the white variety

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10
Q

CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES

Nerium oleander

A

oleandrin

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11
Q

has a steroid skeleton with 24 carbon and has a lactone ring

A

bufadienolide

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12
Q

has a steroid skeleton with 23 carbons and also has a lactone ring, also known as the bufanolide ring

A

cardenolide

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13
Q

the sugar molecule is bonded with the OH group of the carbon-3 atom; has 6 membered rings

A

bufadienolide

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14
Q

the sugar molecule is binded with the OH group of the carbon-3 atom; has 5 membered ring

A

cardenolide

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15
Q
  • structure is related to anthracene
  • polycylic with 3 fused benzene rings
A

anthraquinone glycosides

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16
Q

exert their action by increasing the tone of the smooth muscle in the wall of the large intestine

A

stimulant cathartics

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17
Q

a microorganism that produces several anthraquinone derivatives

A

Penicillium islandicum

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18
Q

an anamorph species of the genus of Penicillium which produces luteoskyrin, simatoxin, cyclochlorotine, rugulosin, islanditoxin and chitosanase

A

Penicillium islandicum

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19
Q

bluish green fungi that grow as mold from decaying fruit/cheese

A

chitosanase

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20
Q

is the dried bark of Rhamnus purshianus; found in lane’s pills

A

cascara sagrada/sacred bark

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21
Q

it should be aged for at least 1 year prior to use in medicinal preparations to decrease the irritating cathartic property

A

cascara sagrada

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22
Q

constituents of cascara sagrada

A
  • casathranol
  • emodin
  • cascarosides A & B - isomers of barbaloin
  • cascarosides C & D - isomers of chrysaloin
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23
Q

what do we need to add to reduce the bitter taste of cascara sagrada?

A

magnesium oxide or alkaline earths

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24
Q

dried bark of Rhamnus frangula

A

frangula/buckthorn bark

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25
this oral solution contains frangula and karaya gum
movicol
26
constituents of frangula
frangulins A & B
27
from *Aloe **barbadensis***
curacao aloe/barbados aloe
28
dried leaflet of *Cassia **acutifolia***
alexandria senna
28
**pharmaceutic aid for** compound **benzoin tincture** and a cathartic
aloe
29
dried leaflet of *Cassia **angustifolia***
tinnevelly senna
30
where is senna cultivated from?
wet lands resembling rice paddies
31
is a mixture of neutral principles obtained **from goa powder**
chrysarobin
32
obtained from lysogenous cavities in the wood of *Andira araroba*
33
what solvent is used to extract chrysarobin from the goa powder?
hot benzene | yields 50-70% chrysarobin
34
# TRUE OR FALSE all anthraquinone glycosides are stimulant cathartic, **except for chrysarobin**
TRUE
35
employed in the treatment of psoriasis, trichophytosis, and chronic eczema
chrysarobin
36
chemical name: 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone
danthron/chrysazin | (this is prepared synthetically)
37
is an important intermediate in the manufacture of **anthralin** and of **alizarin** and **indanthrene** dyestuffs
danthron
38
form colloidal solutions in water that foam upon shaking
saponin glycosides
39
they have a bitter, acrid taste, and drugs containing them are usually **sternutatory** and otherwise irritating to the mucous membrane
saponin glycosides
40
# TRUE OR FALSE saponin glycosides are **poor** emulsifying agents
FALSE | they are excellent t emulsifying agents
41
the aglycone part of saponin glycosides is called as ____
sapogenin
42
the toxic principle of saponin glycosides is known as
sapotoxins
43
are **toxic** to insects and mollusks + fish poison; and used to **control schistosomiasis**
saponin glycosides
44
2 types of saponin glycosides
* neutral saponins - derivatives of **steroids** * acid saponins - derivatives of **triterpenoids**
45
can be a **precursor** in the formation of **corticosteroids**
neutral saponins
46
from Greek origin means "sweet root"
glycyrrhiza/licorice root
47
glycyrrhiza constituent that is 50x more sweeter than sugar
glycyrrhizin | /glycyrrhizic acid
48
converted to the aglycone glycyrrhetic acid (glycyrrhetinic acid) + 2 molecules of glucuronic acid
glycyrrhizin
49
increases fluid and **sodium retention** and promotes **potassium depletion**
glycyrrhizin | hence, persons with cardiac prob and htn should avoid high licorice
50
glycyrrhiza constituents
* glycyrrhizin/glycyrrhizic acid * glycyrrhetic acid
51
derived from *Dioscorea floribunda* and is the **best source of steroids**
dioscorea/yam | /mexican yam
52
dioscin when hydrolyzed is converted to ____
diosgenin
53
neutral saponin from dried root of *Smilax aristolochiaefolia*
sarsaparilla root
54
constituents of sarsaparilla root
* smilagenin (genin) * sarsasapogenin * parillin
55
treatment of **syphilis**, **rheumatism**, skin diseases such as psoriasis and eczema
sarsaparilla root
56
constituents of centella asiatica
* asiaticoside * centelloside
57
active constituent of quillaja bark | /soap bark
quillain
58
acid saponin from dried inner bark of *Quillaja saponaria*
quillaja bark | /soap bark
59
cyanogenic from *Prunus **amygdalus*** | /bitter almonds
amygdalin
60
cyanogenic from *Prunus **armeniaca*** | /kernels of apricots
laetrile
61
cyanogenic from *Prunus **serotina*** | /wild cherry
prunasin
62
cyanogenics from *Mannihot esculenta* | /cassava
* mannihotoxin * linamarin | both are toxic cyanogens
63
compound formed from partial hydrolysis of amygdalin
prunasin
64
the seed of several **mustard family** plants contains this glycoside
isothiocyanate glycosides | /glucosinolates
65
an organosulfur drug that came from ***Allium sativum***; can be used as food and medicine
garlic
66
odorless; sulfur containing amino acid
alliin
67
product of converting alliin through alliinase
allicin

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