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MD2002 - ESA > Gluteal region and thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal region and thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 4 gateway of the pelvic gridle?

A

1) sciatic nerve and gluteal neurovascular bundle
2) internal pudendal neurovascular bundle
3) obturator neurovascular bundle
4) femoral neurovascular bundle

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2
Q

How is the gluteal region superiorly and inferiorly bounded?

A

it is bounded superiorly by the iliac crest and
inferiorly by the fold of the buttock.

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3
Q

What makes up the gluteal region?

A
  • Gluteal muscles
  • Thick layer of superficial fascia
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4
Q

What groups of gluteal muscles are involved in the gluteal region

A
  • Extensors of the hip joint
  • Abductors of the hip joint
  • Rotators of the hip joint
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5
Q

What are the three gluteal muscles?

A

Gluteal maximus
Gluteal medius
Gluteal minimus

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6
Q

What is gluteus maximus

A

prime extensor of the hip

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7
Q

What are the functions of the gluteus maximus?

A

externally rotates, abducts and adduct the femur

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8
Q

Where do the deep and superficial fibre of the gluteus maximus insert

A

the deep fibres insert on gluteal tuberosity and the superficial fires insert on the iliotibial tract

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9
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract?

A

Allows extension and locking of the knee

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10
Q

What does the gluteus Medius lie deep to?

A

Gluteus maximus

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11
Q

Where does the gluteus minimus lie deep to?

A

Gluteus medius

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12
Q

What is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abductors of the thigh

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13
Q

What aid gluteus medius and minimus in hip abduction

A

Tensor fascia latae and Gluteus maximus

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14
Q

Where are the abductors of the thigh positioned?

A

The abductor muscles are those which pass from the pelvis to the femur, lying lateral to the sagittal axis of the hip joint

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15
Q

What is the function of the abductors of the thigh?

A

abductors keep the pelvis level when walking or standing on one leg

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16
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus maximus

A
  • Ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line
    -Dorsal surface if sacrum and coccyx
  • Sacrotuberous ligament
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17
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus maximus?

A

Iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity

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18
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus medius?

A
  • External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
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19
Q

What is the insertion of gluteus medius

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

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20
Q

What is the origin of the gluteus minimus?

A
  • external surface of the ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
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21
Q

What is the insertion of the gluteus minimus?

A

Greater trochanter of femur

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22
Q

What is the origin of the tensor fascia latae?

A
  • Anterior superior iliac spine
  • anterior part of iliac crest
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23
Q

What is the insertion of the tensor fascia latae?

A

Lateral condyle of tibia via illotibial tract

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24
Q

What innervates the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fascia latae?

A

Superior gluteal nerve

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25
What innervates the gluteus maximus?
Inferior gluteal nerve
26
What are the 6 lateral rotator muscles?
- Pisiform - Superior gemellus - Obturator internus - Inferior gamellus - Quadratus femoris - Obturator externus
27
What is the function the lateral rotator muscles?
they stabilise the joint and laterally rotate the femur to keep the foot pointing forwards during walking
28
What is the course of the sciatic nerve?
the sciatic nerve emerges into the gluteal region inferior to piriformis
29
Where is a intragluteal injection performed?
an intragluteal injection midway between ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter
30
Where is the safe area for intramuscular injections?
upper, outer quadrant
31
What is the positioning for the flexors of the thigh?
Muscles that pass from the pelvis to the femur, anterior to the transverse axis of the hip joint will flex the thigh
32
What are the six main flexors of the thigh?
- illiacus - Psoas major - rectus femoris - sartorius - pectineus - tensor fascia latae
33
What muscles make up the ilioposas?
the illiacus and psoas major
34
Which muscle flex the hip as well as act on the knee joint?
Sartorius and rectus femoris flex the hip and also act on the knee joint
35
Where do the illacus and psoas major pass through?
the illiacus and psoas major pass through the muscular compartment of the retro-inguinal space into the femoral region, along with the femoral nerve
36
What is the origin off the illiacus
The illiac fossa
37
What is the insertion of the illiacus?
Lesser trochanter of femur
38
What is the origin the psoas major?
Posterior abdominal wall
39
What is the insertion of the psoas major?
Lesser trochanter of the femur
40
What is the origin of the rectus femoris?
Straight: Anterior inferior iliac spine Reflected head: ilium just superior to acetabulum
41
What is the insertion of the rectus femoris?
- Base of patella via common quadriceps femoris tendon
42
What is the origin of the sartorius?
Anterior superior iliac spine
43
What is the insertion of the sartorius?
Medial surface of medial tibial condyle
44
What is origin of pectineus?
Superior ramus of pubis
45
What is the insertion of the pectineus?
pectineal line of femur
46
What are three compartments of the thigh?
- medial (adductor) compartment - anterior (extensor) compartment - posterior (flexor) compartment
47
What is the positioning of the muscles within the posterior compartment of the thigh?
they are muscles which pass from the pelvis to the lower limb, posterior to the transverse axis of the hip joint which will extend the thigh
48
Where do the ischiocrural muscles extend?
ischiocrural (hamstring) muscles extend between the ischial tuberosity and the leg, spanning 2 joints
49
What three muscles make up the hamstrings?
biceps femoris, semitendinosus and semimembranosus
50
What do the hamstrings do?
they extend the hip out but also flex the leg, they extend the body is the thigh is fixed
51
What is the origin of biceps femoris?
Ischial tuberosity and lateral lip of linea aspera
52
Where is the insertion of biceps femoris?
Head of fibula
53
What is the origin of semiteninosus?
Ischial tuberosity
54
What is the insertion of semitendinosous?
Medial surface of medial tibial condyle
55
What is the origin of the semimembranosous?
Ischial tuberosity
56
What is the insertion of the semimembranosous?
Medial condyle of tibia
57
What muscles are within the medial compartment of the thigh?
adductor magnus adductor longus adductor brevis gracilis
58
How does the sciatic nerve run through the medial compartment of the thigh?
the sciatic nerve descends between the adductor magnus and biceps femoris
59
Where does the adductor longus originate?
Body of pubis inferior to pubic crest
60
Where does the adductor longus insertion?
Middle third of linea aspera of femur
61
Where is the adductor brevis origin?
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
62
Where is the insertion of adductor brevis?
Proximal part of linea aspera of femur
63
Where is the origin of adductor magnus?
ischiopubic ramus Ischial tuberosity
64
Where is the insertion of the adductor magnus?
Linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, adductor tubercle of femur
65
What is the origin of the gracillis?
Body and inferior ramus of pubis
66
What is the insertion of the gracillis?
Medial surface of medial tibial condyle
67
What do muscles within the a

MD2002 - ESA (33 decks)

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