Foot Flashcards
What are the four compartments of the sole of the foot?
- Central
- Medial
- Lateral
- Interosseous
What covers the sole of the foot and contributes to shock absorption?
The plantar fascia, which gives off fibrous septa dividing the sole into fat-filled areas.
Name the muscles in Layer 1 of the sole
Flexor digitorum brevis, Abductor digiti minimi, Abductor hallucis
Name the muscles in Layer 2 of the sole
4 lumbricals, Quadratus plantae
Name the muscles in the Layer 3 of the sole
Flexor digiti minimi brevis, Flexor hallucis brevis, Adductor hallucis
Name the muscles in the Layer 4 of the sole
4 dorsal interossei, 3 plantar interossei
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel (medial side)
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Posterior tibial Artery
Posterior tibial Vein
Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallucis longus
What passes under the superior extensor retinaculum?
Extensor tendons, anterior tibial vessels, deep fibular nerve
What passes under the inferior extensor retinaculum?
Extensor tendons, deep fibular nerve, dorsalis pedis artery
What are the general functions of intrinsic foot muscles?
Support foot arches, control fine toe movements, aid balance and locomotion
Which muscles abduct the big toe and little toe?
Abductor hallucis (big toe), Abductor digiti minimi (little toe)
What do the lumbricals extend and flex?
- metatarsophalangeal joints
- Interphalangeal joints of toes 2-5
What do the plantar interossei do?
Adduct toes 3–5 and flex MTP joints
What do the dorsal interossei do?
Abduct toes 2–4 and flex MTP joints
What are the branches of the tibial nerve in the foot?
Medial and lateral plantar nerves (after passing through tarsal tunnel)
What does the medial plantar nerve innervate?
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis
1st lumbrical
What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate?
Quadratus plantae
Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
all interossei
lateral 3 lumbricals
Adductor hallucis
What innervates the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?
Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve
Where is the tarsal tunnel located?
On the medial side of the ankle
What forms the floor and roof of the tarsal tunnel?
Floor: tibia, talus, calcaneus
Roof: flexor retinaculum
What structures pass through the tarsal tunnel?
Tibialis posterior tendon
Flexor digitorum longus
Posterior tibial artery/vein
Tibial nerve
Flexor hallucis longus
What are the three plantar arches of the foot?
Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse
Which bones form each arch?
Medial: Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms, medial 3 metatarsals
Lateral: Calcaneus, cuboid, 4th and 5th metatarsals
Transverse: Cuneiforms and cuboid
What is the keystone bone of each arch?
Medial: Talus
Lateral: Cuboid
Transverse: Intermediate cuneiform
