Gluteal Region

Question 1

What artery runs through the gluteal region and doesnt supply blood to any of the muscles in this region?

Answer 1

Internal pudendal

Question 2

What is the structure between the three unfused bones of the child/teen hip bone called?

Answer 2

The triradiate cartilage

Question 3

Name the muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor of fascia lata, piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, quadratus femoris, obturator externus

Question 4

Where is the piriformis muscle relative to the gluteus maximus muscle?

Answer 4

Piriformis is deep to it

Question 5

What is the main difference between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus?

Answer 5

Different origin (insertion, innervation, and function are all the same)

Question 6

What is the key anatomical landmark in the gluteal region?

Answer 6

The piriformis muscle

Question 7

The safe zone for a intramuscular gluteal injection is on which side of a line from where to where? Also what structure is avoided by staying in the safe zone?

Answer 7

Stay anterior to a line from PSIS to greater trochanter to avoid the sciatic nerve

Question 8

The piriformis splits what structure into what two regions?

Answer 8

Splits greater sciatic foramen into suprapiriformis and infrapiriformis regions

Question 9

What arteries travel through the gluteal region?

Answer 9

Superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, internal pudendal (travels through but does not supply)

Question 10

There is an anastamosis in the thigh. What is this anastamosis called and what vessels contribute to it?

Answer 10

Cruciate anastamosis of the thigh. Superior/inferior gluteal, first perforating, medial/lateral circumflex femoral arteries

Question 11

Where do the superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, and internal pudendal arteries exit the pelvis relative to the piriformis muscle

Answer 11

Superior gluteal - superior to piriformis, Inferior gluteal and internal pudendal - inferior to piriformis (all four structures leave via GSF)

Question 12

What branches does the superior gluteal give off?

Answer 12

Superficial and deep branches

Question 13

What is the artery to the sciatic nerve?

Answer 13

Inferior gluteal artery

Question 14

If looking in laterally after reflecting the gluteus maximus muscle, where would one find the superior gluteal artery, nerve and vein?

Answer 14

In the notch between gluteus medius/minimus and piriformis

Question 15

What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 15

Common fibular and tibial

Question 16

Typically, where does the sciatic nerve enter the gluteal region relative to the piriformis?

Answer 16

Inferior to it (in GSF)

Question 17

Common causes of piriformis muscle syndrome and the etiology

Answer 17

Compression of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle. May be caused by 1) Abberant develop of piriformis or sciatic, 2) Inflammation, 3) Sacroiliac disease, 4) Pelvic disease, 5) Hypertrophy (atheletes), 6) Muscle spasm

Question 18

Symptoms of piriformis muscle syndrome

Answer 18

Pain, paresthesia (pins and needles), burning sensation, hypesthesia, anesthesia, motor weakness, hypotrophy

Question 19

Trace lymph drainage from deep tissue of the gluteal region

Answer 19

Superior/inferior inguinal nodes, internal iliac nodes, common iliac nodes, aortic lumbar nodes

Question 20

Trace lymph drainage from superficial tissue of the gluteal region

Answer 20

Superficial inguinal nodes to external iliac nodes

Question 21

Two sources of fascia lata

Answer 21

Gluteus maximus fascia, and tensor fascia lata fascia

Question 22

What structure does a shortened IT band rub across?

Answer 22

The lateral epicondyle