Glutamate Flashcards
1
Q
Source
A
- From 2-oxoglutarate and aspartate by aspartate aminotransferase
- from glutamine by glutaminase
- from 2-oxoglutarate by orinthine aminotransferase
2
Q
Regulation
A
-accumulation of precursors such as glutamine or by end product inhibition
3
Q
Synthesis enzyme
A
-glutaminase
4
Q
Breakdown enzyme
A
- glutamate dehydrogenase
- glutamine synthetase
5
Q
Breakdown product
A
-broken down to glutamine or alpha-ketoglutarate
6
Q
Reuptake
A
-largely glial uptake with conversion to glutamine
7
Q
Function
A
- important metabolic role
- intermediary in oxidation pathway (malate shuttle)
- immediate precursos of all GABA in CNS
- intermediary in ammonia cycle
- NMDA memory acquisition
- developmental plasticity
- epilepsy
- ischaemic brain injury
- NMDA receptor mediates long term potentiation
8
Q
Receptors
A
- metabotropic- 8 in total; 3 groups, group 1-mGlR1 and mGluR5 linked to phospholipase C
- ionotropic- NMDA and non-NMDA
- NMDA- made up of subunits with distinct binding sites
- Non-NMDA0 kainate binding or AMPA type
9
Q
Disorders
A
- excitotoxic glutamate toxicity in stroke/schizophrenia/seizures suspected
- NMDA antagonists can cause hallucinations e.g PCP, ketamine
