Glutamate Flashcards
Excitatory or Inhibitory?
Excitatory
Reuptake by….
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporters (EAAT)
How does glutamate bind so many receptors?
Not a rigid molecule
Can rotate along 2 different axis (AB and BY)
Can adopt different conformations (9 Rotamers possible)
How many rotamers of glutamate are possible?
9
How many subunits do glutamate receptors have?
4
Which subunits of glutamate receptors are transmembrane?
1,3 and 4
Which subunit of glutamate does NOT span the membrane?
2 (p-element)
How many classes of glutamate receptor are there?
- (NMDA, AMPA and KA)
How does the AMPA receptor work?
- Permeable to NA in and K out (Ca if no GluR2 subunit)
- FAST excitatory transmission
What are the agonists of AMPA receptors?
Glutamate, AMPA, KA
What are the antagonists of AMPA receptors?
CNQX, NBQX
How does the NMDA receptor work?
- Passes Na, K and Ca ions
- Voltage AND Ligand gated
- Large, SLOW depolarization
- Dual gating
How many subunits does NMDA receptors have?
- 4.
- 1 NR1 subunit and 3 NR2A-D subunits
What are the agonists of NMDA receptors?
Glutamate, NMDA, Aspartate
What are the antagonists of NMDA receptors?
2-AP5, CPP, PCP, Ketamine, MK801
Describe NMDA receptor dual gating
- Glutamate alone = No current flows
- Depolarisation removes the Mg block which allows the current to now flow
- Means NMDA receptors need ligand and depolarisation to work
What type of receptor are MGluRs?
GPCR
How many TM-Regions do MGluRs have?
7
Which mGluRs are postsynaptic?
1 and 5
Which mGluRs are presynaptic?
2 ,3, 4, 7 and 8
What is the role of postsynaptic mGluRs?
Slow depolarisation, release Ca
What is the role of presynaptic mGluRs?
Inhibit glutamate release
What glutamate receptors are presynaptic?
KAR, NMDA, mGluR
What glutamate receptors are postsynaptic?
KAR, NMDA, mGluR, AMPA
