Glucose regulators + Chemical Methods Flashcards
Together with the hormones epinephrine, cortisol and GH oppose many actions of insulin.
- It increases glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.
Glucagon
It increases blood glucose by activating adenylate cyclase to produce cAMP which further activates the enzyme phosphorylase causing increased glycogenolysis .
- Like glucagon, it is responsible for short-term glucose regulation.
Epinephrine
- It increases blood glucose primarily by stimulating gluconeogenesis by promoting
protein catabolism and deamination and it inhibits glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. - Like the GH, it promotes long-term regulation of blood glucose.
Cortisol
- It increases blood glucose by inhibiting uptake of glucose by cells and due to its antagonistic action on insulin.
Growth Hormone
- It inhibits both insulin and glucagon.
Somatostatin
- It increases blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis, accelerating degradation of insulin and promoting absorption of glucose in the intestinal tract..
Thyroid Hormone
- It is produced by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.
Epinephrine
- It is produced by the alpha-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.
Glucagon
- It is produced by the fascicular cells of the adrenal cortex upon stimulation by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH).
Cortisol
- It is produced by the anterior pituitary gland.
Growth Hormone
- It is synthesized by the thyroid follicles of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid Hormone
- It is produced by the delta-cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas.
Somatostatin
Specimens for blood glucose determination (4)
serum
plasma
whole blood
CSF
Serum or plasma normal glucose range
50-110mg/dL (2.8 - 6.2 mmol/L)
-the conversion factor from mg% to mM is 0.055
NOTE:
Delay in glucose testing would requirePrompt separation of clot from serum is a must since glucose is utilized by the RBCs lowering the value by 5% per hour of serum-clot contact.
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