Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
is a group of diseases in which blood glucose levels are elevated due to
deficiency in insulin action.
Diabetes Mellitus
Classical manifestations (3 Ps)
Polyuria – excessive urine volume
Polydipsia - - excessive thirst
Polyphagia - excessive eating
NIDDM meaning
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type2)
Type of DM where beta cells are destroyed
- an autoimmune disease
- juvenile onset
1DM
- acute ketoacidosis is common
- unresponsive to oral hypoglycemic drugs
- must be treated with INSULIN
1DM
Type of DM where Beta cells unable to produce insulin
2DM
-ketosis is rare
- hyperosmolar coma is common (the imbalance of water and glucose in the blood)
- insulin treatment is not necessary
2DM
Criteria to Diagnose DM
- FBS >126 mg/dL on at least 2 occasions
- 2-Hr PP glucose >140 mg/dL
- (3 Ps), unexplained weight loss plus a casual
- RBS >200 mg/dL
- A two-hour post load glucose of 200 mg/dL or greater in OGTT
- Exceptions to these criteria is the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
FBS normal value
50-110 mg/dl (2.8-6.2 mM)
-requires an 8-hour fasting
for OGTT. Patient to be tested should be on a regular diet ingesting at least ____grams or
carbohydrate for_____days prior to testing.
150 g
3 days
highest glucose level is reached _____ minutes after a meal
60-90 minutes
for OGTT. The patient is challenged orally with______grams (glucola) during the test to
be taken in 5 minutes.
75g glucose
NOTE:
For OGTT. A baseline glucose level is obtained prior testing and further blood samples are
taken after
-30 minutes,
-1 hour,
-1 1⁄2 hours
-2 hours.
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Diagnosis of DM in a patient if these are met:
a) FBS is > 126 mg/dL
b) 2HrPPvalueis >200mg/dL
c) a level between 0-2 hours is 200 mg/dL
a test - Indicated in cases who have malabsorptive syndromes or previous gastric or
intestinal surgery
- Glucose disappearance constants (k values) are calculated from the plot of the
logarithm of glucose concentration against time
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT)
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test (IVGTT) level that indicates DM
- k value of <1.2
Random Blood Sugar (RBS) normal range
45 – 130 mg/dL (2.5 – 7.2 mmol/L)
Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) normal range?
(used to monitor long-term glucose control (6-8 weeks)
< 6%
- used to monitor short term glucose control (1-2 weeks)
- represents glucose complexed with other proteins
Fructosamine
Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) value
FBS 110-125 mg/dL
Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
2-Hr PP, 140-199 mg/dL
SCREENING test for Gestational DM
Do the ___hour OGTT with ___g glucose load; prior fasting not required
1 hour
50 g
DIAGNOSTIC test for Gestational DM.
Do the ___hour OGTT with ___grams of glucose load; overnight fasting is required.
3-hr
100grams
an overnight plasma glucose of less than 45 mg/dL. (2.5 mmol/L) and an associated group of symptoms that are relieved by ingestion of food or carbohydrates. It can occur when insulin levels are high and glucose production is inadequate.
hypoglycemia
