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Glucose Monitoring Flashcards

1
Q
  1. What is the normal range for fasting blood glucose levels?
    A) 60-80 mg/dL
    B) 70-99 mg/dL
    C) 100-120 mg/dL
    D) 130-150 mg/dL
A

B) 70-99 mg/dL
Rationale: The normal fasting blood glucose range is 70-99 mg/dL.

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2
Q
  1. Which type of diabetes is characterized by the immune system destroying insulin-producing cells?
    A) Type 1
    B) Type 2
    C) Gestational
    D) Pre-diabetes
A

A) Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the immune system attacks and destroys insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.

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3
Q
  1. What is the main issue in Type 2 diabetes?
    A) Lack of insulin production
    B) Insulin resistance
    C) Excess insulin production
    D) Low blood sugar
A

B) Insulin resistance
Rationale: In Type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, leading to inadequate use of insulin and, eventually, reduced secretion.

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4
Q
  1. A patient has a blood glucose level of 105 mg/dL. How would this be classified?
    A) Normal
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Pre-diabetes
    D) Diabetes
A

C) Pre-diabetes
Rationale: A fasting blood glucose level of 100-125 mg/dL indicates pre-diabetes.

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5
Q
  1. What is a common symptom of Type 1 diabetes?
    A) Weight gain
    B) Increased thirst and urination
    C) Insulin resistance
    D) Fatigue
A

B) Increased thirst and urination
Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common symptoms due to high blood glucose levels in Type 1 diabetes.

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6
Q
  1. Which type of diabetes typically develops in childhood or adolescence?
    A) Type 1
    B) Type 2
    C) Gestational
    D) Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)
A

A) Type 1
Rationale: Type 1 diabetes often develops in childhood or adolescence but can occur at any age.

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7
Q
  1. In which type of diabetes is insulin usually required for management?
    A) Type 1
    B) Type 2
    C) Gestational
    D) All types
A

A) Type 1
Rationale: Individuals with Type 1 diabetes typically require insulin for survival due to the lack of insulin production.

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8
Q
  1. Which lifestyle factor is most commonly associated with Type 2 diabetes?
    A) Sedentary lifestyle
    B) Excessive exercise
    C) Low carbohydrate intake
    D) High protein diet
A

A) Sedentary lifestyle
Rationale: A sedentary lifestyle is a significant risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes due to its link to obesity and insulin resistance.

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9
Q
  1. What is the role of insulin in the body?
    A) Increases blood sugar levels
    B) Decreases blood sugar levels
    C) Produces energy
    D) Stimulates hunger
A

B) Decreases blood sugar levels
Rationale: Insulin helps lower blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy.

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10
Q
  1. A patient with Type 2 diabetes is advised to lose weight. What is the primary reason for this recommendation?
    A) To increase insulin production
    B) To reduce insulin resistance
    C) To avoid hypoglycemia
    D) To improve appetite
A

B) To reduce insulin resistance
Rationale: Weight loss can significantly improve insulin sensitivity and help control blood glucose levels in individuals with Type 2 diabetes.

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11
Q
  1. What blood glucose level indicates hypoglycemia?
    A) Less than 70 mg/dL
    B) 70-99 mg/dL
    C) 100-125 mg/dL
    D) Greater than 200 mg/dL
A

A) Less than 70 mg/dL
Rationale: A blood glucose level less than 70 mg/dL is considered hypoglycemic and may require prompt treatment.

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12
Q
  1. Which of the following is a common complication of unmanaged diabetes?
    A) Increased energy levels
    B) Hypertension
    C) Diabetic neuropathy
    D) Enhanced healing
A

C) Diabetic neuropathy
Rationale: Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication resulting from prolonged high blood sugar levels damaging nerves.

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13
Q
  1. How does Type 2 diabetes typically progress?
    A) Immediate onset of symptoms
    B) Slow progression with occasional hyperglycemia
    C) Complete insulin dependence
    D) Rapid weight loss
A

B) Slow progression with occasional hyperglycemia
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes often develops gradually, with symptoms that may be overlooked initially.

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14
Q
  1. What is the primary treatment for Type 1 diabetes?
    A) Oral medications
    B) Insulin therapy
    C) Lifestyle modifications
    D) Monitoring blood sugar only
A

B) Insulin therapy
Rationale: Individuals with Type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy for blood sugar regulation due to the absence of insulin production.

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true regarding Type 2 diabetes?
    A) It only affects older adults
    B) It is always insulin-dependent
    C) It can be managed with diet and exercise
    D) It requires daily insulin injections
A

C) It can be managed with diet and exercise
Rationale: Many individuals with Type 2 diabetes can manage their condition through lifestyle changes, especially in early stages.

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16
Q
  1. What condition may occur if blood glucose levels remain consistently high?
    A) Hyperglycemic crisis
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Insulinoma
    D) Adrenal crisis
A

A) Hyperglycemic crisis
Rationale: Persistently high blood glucose levels can lead to complications such as hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state or diabetic ketoacidosis.

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17
Q
  1. A patient with diabetes is experiencing fatigue and increased urination. What could this indicate?
    A) Effective blood sugar control
    B) Low blood sugar
    C) High blood sugar
    D) Insulin resistance
A

C) High blood sugar
Rationale: Fatigue and increased urination are classic signs of hyperglycemia in individuals with diabetes.

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18
Q
  1. What is the most common form of diabetes?
    A) Type 1
    B) Type 2
    C) Gestational
    D) MODY
A

B) Type 2
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent form of diabetes, affecting millions worldwide.

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19
Q
  1. Which of the following is a risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes?
    A) Regular exercise
    B) Low-fat diet
    C) Family history of diabetes
    D) High fiber intake
A

C) Family history of diabetes
Rationale: A family history of diabetes is a significant risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes.

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20
Q
  1. Which lab test is commonly used to diagnose diabetes?
    A) Hemoglobin A1c
    B) Complete blood count
    C) Basic metabolic panel
    D) Thyroid function test
A

A) Hemoglobin A1c
Rationale: The Hemoglobin A1c test measures average blood glucose levels over the past 2-3 months and is commonly used to diagnose diabetes.

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21
Q
  1. What is the primary action of Metformin?
    A) Increases insulin production
    B) Decreases hepatic glucose production
    C) Promotes weight gain
    D) Increases glucose absorption
A

B) Decreases hepatic glucose production
Rationale: Metformin primarily works by reducing glucose production in the liver and improving insulin sensitivity.

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22
Q
  1. Glipizide belongs to which class of diabetes medications?
    A) Biguanides
    B) Sulfonylureas
    C) Thiazolidinediones
    D) DPP-4 inhibitors
A

B) Sulfonylureas
Rationale: Glipizide is a sulfonylurea that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas.

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23
Q
  1. Which type of insulin is classified as short-acting?
    A) NPH
    B) Regular
    C) Glargine
    D) Detemir
A

B) Regular
Rationale: Regular insulin is a short-acting insulin used to control blood glucose levels during meals.

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24
Q
  1. When is it most appropriate to administer Glipizide?
    A) 30 minutes before a meal
    B) After meals
    C) At bedtime
    D) Anytime during the day
A

A) 30 minutes before a meal
Rationale: Glipizide should be taken before meals to ensure effective management of postprandial blood glucose levels.

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25
Q
  1. What is the action of NPH insulin?
    A) Long-acting
    B) Rapid-acting
    C) Intermediate-acting
    D) Ultra-long acting
A

C) Intermediate-acting
Rationale: NPH insulin is an intermediate-acting insulin that covers insulin needs for a portion of the day.

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26
Q
  1. How is correctional insulin administered?
    A) Based on weight
    B) According to a sliding scale
    C) At fixed times
    D) Only at bedtime
A

B) According to a sliding scale
Rationale: Correctional insulin doses are determined based on the patient’s current blood glucose levels using a sliding scale.

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27
Q
  1. What is a common side effect of Metformin?
    A) Weight gain
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Gastrointestinal upset
    D) Fluid retention
A

C) Gastrointestinal upset
Rationale: Gastrointestinal upset, including nausea and diarrhea, is a common side effect of Metformin, especially when initiating therapy.

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28
Q
  1. When should Regular insulin be administered in relation to meals?
    A) 1 hour after meals
    B) 30 minutes before meals
    C) At bedtime
    D) Anytime
A

B) 30 minutes before meals
Rationale: Regular insulin should be administered about 30 minutes before meals to effectively manage blood glucose levels during digestion.

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29
Q
  1. What type of insulin is often used for basal control?
    A) Regular
    B) NPH
    C) Lispro
    D) Glargine
A

D) Glargine
Rationale: Glargine insulin is a long-acting insulin that provides basal glucose control over 24 hours.

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30
Q
  1. A patient on Glipizide presents with symptoms of hypoglycemia. What is a common intervention?
    A) Administer insulin
    B) Give glucose or sugary snacks
    C) Increase oral intake of carbohydrates
    D) Provide protein snacks
A

B) Give glucose or sugary snacks
Rationale: Immediate treatment for hypoglycemia includes administering glucose or sugary snacks to quickly raise blood sugar levels.

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31
Q
  1. What is the primary indication for using NPH insulin?
    A) To treat Type 1 diabetes
    B) For postprandial control
    C) For overnight coverage
    D) To manage acute hyperglycemia
A

C) For overnight coverage
Rationale: NPH insulin provides coverage for insulin needs during the night and for longer durations during the day.

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32
Q
  1. Which medication is most likely to cause hypoglycemia as a side effect?
    A) Metformin
    B) Glipizide
    C) NPH
    D) Both B and C
A

D) Both B and C
Rationale: Both Glipizide (a sulfonylurea) and NPH insulin can lead to hypoglycemia due to their actions in lowering blood sugar levels.

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33
Q
  1. What lab value should be monitored regularly in patients taking Metformin?
    A) Serum potassium
    B) Liver function tests
    C) Renal function tests
    D) Blood glucose levels
A

C) Renal function tests
Rationale: Metformin is contraindicated in patients with impaired renal function, so monitoring kidney function is essential.

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34
Q
  1. Which insulin type has the fastest onset of action?
    A) NPH
    B) Regular
    C) Lispro
    D) Glargine
A

C) Lispro
Rationale: Lispro is a rapid-acting insulin with a quick onset, effective for controlling post-meal blood glucose spikes.

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35
Q
  1. What should be done if a patient misses a dose of Glipizide?
    A) Double the next dose
    B) Take it as soon as remembered unless close to the next dose
    C) Skip it and resume normal schedule
    D) Take an extra dose later
A

B) Take it as soon as remembered unless close to the next dose
Rationale: If the missed dose is close to the next scheduled dose, skip it; otherwise, take it to maintain glucose control.

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36
Q
  1. What is the primary reason for administering insulin in a sliding scale?
    A) To prevent weight gain
    B) To control variable blood glucose levels
    C) To increase insulin production
    D) To reduce side effects
A

B) To control variable blood glucose levels
Rationale: Sliding scale insulin allows for flexible dosing based on current blood glucose readings to manage fluctuations.

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37
Q
  1. A patient asks about the difference between Regular insulin and NPH insulin. What is the key difference?
    A) Regular is long-acting; NPH is short-acting
    B) NPH is a basal insulin; Regular is a bolus insulin
    C) Regular can only be given IV; NPH cannot
    D) NPH has a faster onset
A

B) NPH is a basal insulin; Regular is a bolus insulin
Rationale: Regular insulin is used for mealtime coverage (bolus), while NPH is used for basal control throughout the day and night.

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38
Q
  1. When should a nurse monitor a patient’s blood glucose after administering Regular insulin?
    A) 1 hour after administration
    B) 30 minutes before the next meal
    C) Immediately
    D) 2 hours after administration
A

A) 1 hour after administration
Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels approximately 1 hour after administering Regular insulin helps assess its effect on glucose levels.

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39
Q
  1. What condition can result from using correctional insulin without regular monitoring?
    A) Hyperglycemia
    B) Hypoglycemia
    C) Ketoacidosis
    D) Diabetic neuropathy
A

B) Hypoglycemia
Rationale: Failing to monitor blood glucose levels can lead to unintentional hypoglycemia due to excessive correctional insulin administration.

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40
Q
  1. Which of the following best describes the action of sulfonylureas like Glipizide?
    A) Increases glucose excretion in urine
    B) Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas
    C) Reduces insulin sensitivity
    D) Inhibits glucose absorption
A

B) Stimulates insulin release from the pancreas
Rationale: Sulfonylureas work by stimulating the pancreas to release more insulin, helping to lower blood glucose levels.

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41
Q
  1. What are common symptoms of hypoglycemia?
    A) Confusion and sweating
    B) Increased thirst
    C) Fatigue
    D) Weight gain
A

A) Confusion and sweating
Rationale: Symptoms of hypoglycemia often include confusion, sweating, shakiness, and irritability.

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42
Q
  1. What is the first step in managing hypoglycemia?
    A) Administer glucagon
    B) Provide IV glucose
    C) Administer quick-acting carbohydrates
    D) Call a code
A

C) Administer quick-acting carbohydrates
Rationale: The immediate treatment for hypoglycemia involves administering quick-acting carbohydrates to raise blood glucose levels.

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43
Q
  1. If a patient does not improve after 15 minutes of treatment for hypoglycemia, what should the nurse do next?
    A) Administer glucagon
    B) Repeat quick-acting carbs
    C) Monitor for symptoms
    D) Notify the healthcare provider
A

B) Repeat quick-acting carbs
Rationale: If there is no improvement after 15 minutes, repeat the administration of quick-acting carbohydrates.

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44
Q
  1. Which of the following is an example of quick-acting carbohydrates?
    A) Crackers
    B) 4-6 oz of regular soda
    C) Peanut butter
    D) Whole grain bread
A

B) 4-6 oz of regular soda
Rationale: Regular soda (not diet) provides quick sugar to rapidly increase blood glucose levels.

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45
Q
  1. After administering quick-acting carbohydrates, when should the nurse reassess the patient?
    A) Immediately
    B) After 5 minutes
    C) After 15 minutes
    D) After 30 minutes
A

C) After 15 minutes
Rationale: The patient should be reassessed after 15 minutes to evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment.

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46
Q
  1. What should be provided after the initial treatment if the patient is stable?
    A) More quick-acting carbs
    B) Longer-acting carbohydrates with protein
    C) Insulin
    D) Water
A

B) Longer-acting carbohydrates with protein
Rationale: After stabilization, it is important to provide longer-acting carbohydrates combined with protein to maintain blood glucose levels.

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47
Q
  1. In severe cases of hypoglycemia, what should the nurse administer?
    A) Oral glucose gel
    B) 25-50 mL of 50% glucose IV
    C) Juice
    D) Bread
A

B) 25-50 mL of 50% glucose IV
Rationale: In severe hypoglycemia, administering 50% glucose IV or glucagon is necessary for rapid correction.

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48
Q
  1. What is the recommended dosage for glucagon administration in severe hypoglycemia?
    A) 0.5 mg
    B) 1 mg
    C) 2 mg
    D) 5 mg
A

B) 1 mg
Rationale: The standard dose of glucagon for treating severe hypoglycemia is 1 mg, given subcutaneously or intramuscularly.

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49
Q
  1. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hypoglycemia?
    A) Shakiness
    B) Sweating
    C) Blurred vision
    D) Excessive thirst
A

D) Excessive thirst
Rationale: Excessive thirst is more commonly associated with hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia.

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50
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if a patient becomes unconscious due to hypoglycemia?
    A) Administer oral glucose
    B) Administer glucagon
    C) Offer food
    D) Reassess in 15 minutes
A

B) Administer glucagon
Rationale: If a patient is unconscious, glucagon should be administered because oral glucose cannot be given safely.

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51
Q
  1. If a patient is able to swallow and has hypoglycemia, what is the preferred treatment?
    A) IV glucose
    B) Oral carbohydrates
    C) Insulin injection
    D) Glucagon
A

B) Oral carbohydrates
Rationale: If the patient can swallow, administering oral carbohydrates is the safest and most effective way to treat hypoglycemia.

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52
Q
  1. Which of the following would be an appropriate longer-acting carbohydrate to provide after treating hypoglycemia?
    A) Candy
    B) Juice
    C) Crackers with peanut butter
    D) Soda
A

C) Crackers with peanut butter
Rationale: Crackers with peanut butter provide longer-lasting carbohydrates along with protein to stabilize blood glucose levels.

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53
Q
  1. What is the potential risk of administering glucagon?
    A) Hyperglycemia
    B) Allergic reaction
    C) Nausea and vomiting
    D) Insulin resistance
A

C) Nausea and vomiting
Rationale: One potential side effect of glucagon is nausea and vomiting, especially as blood glucose levels begin to rise.

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54
Q
  1. How often should blood glucose be monitored in a patient with hypoglycemia?
    A) Every hour
    B) Every 15 minutes until stable
    C) Only once
    D) Every 30 minutes
A

B) Every 15 minutes until stable
Rationale: Blood glucose levels should be monitored every 15 minutes until they stabilize after hypoglycemic treatment.

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55
Q
  1. If a patient is treated for hypoglycemia but still exhibits symptoms after 15 minutes, what is the best action?
    A) Wait another 15 minutes
    B) Call a code
    C) Administer more quick-acting carbohydrates
    D) Increase insulin dose
A

C) Administer more quick-acting carbohydrates
Rationale: If symptoms persist, more quick-acting carbohydrates should be given while continuing to monitor the patient.

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56
Q
  1. What should the nurse educate the patient to carry for emergency hypoglycemia treatment?
    A) Insulin
    B) Snacks
    C) Glucagon kit
    D) Water
A

C) Glucagon kit
Rationale: Patients at risk for severe hypoglycemia should carry a glucagon kit to use in emergencies when they are unable to self-treat.

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57
Q
  1. Which of the following is an important nursing consideration when treating hypoglycemia?
    A) Administering food regardless of the patient’s condition
    B) Monitoring for hyperglycemia
    C) Checking the patient’s ability to swallow
    D) Only focusing on symptoms
A

C) Checking the patient’s ability to swallow
Rationale: Assessing the patient’s ability to swallow is crucial before administering oral carbohydrates to prevent choking.

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58
Q
  1. After treatment for hypoglycemia, how can the nurse help the patient prevent future episodes?
    A) Educate about insulin use
    B) Advise skipping meals
    C) Encourage increased physical activity
    D) Provide dietary education on carbohydrate intake
A

D) Provide dietary education on carbohydrate intake
Rationale: Educating patients about carbohydrate intake and meal planning can help prevent future hypoglycemic episodes.

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59
Q
  1. What should the nurse do if the patient with hypoglycemia has a blood glucose reading of 55 mg/dL?
    A) Administer insulin
    B) Provide 15 grams of carbohydrates
    C) Monitor for symptoms only
    D) Offer a meal
A

B) Provide 15 grams of carbohydrates
Rationale: At a blood glucose level of 55 mg/dL, the patient should receive quick-acting carbohydrates to raise blood glucose.

60
Q
  1. What is a possible long-term complication of frequent hypoglycemic episodes?
    A) Hyperglycemia
    B) Diabetic ketoacidosis
    C) Hypoglycemia unawareness
    D) Diabetic neuropathy
A

C) Hypoglycemia unawareness
Rationale: Frequent hypoglycemic episodes can lead to hypoglycemia unawareness, where patients may no longer recognize symptoms of low blood sugar.

61
Q
  1. What are the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia?
    A) Headache, dizziness, fatigue
    B) Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
    C) Nausea and vomiting
    D) Sweating and tremors
A

B) Polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia
Rationale: The three P’s—excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), and increased hunger (polyphagia)—are classic signs of hyperglycemia.

62
Q
  1. Which complication is a serious concern in patients with severe hyperglycemia?
    A) Hypoglycemia
    B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
    C) Peripheral neuropathy
    D) Retinopathy
A

B) Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
Rationale: DKA is a potentially life-threatening condition that can occur with severe hyperglycemia, particularly in Type 1 diabetes.

63
Q
  1. What sign is often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
    A) Fruity breath
    B) Shakiness
    C) Cold sweats
    D) Blurred vision
A

A) Fruity breath
Rationale: Fruity breath odor is characteristic of DKA due to the presence of acetone from fat breakdown.

64
Q
  1. What initial assessment should be performed in a patient suspected of having DKA?
    A) Blood glucose level
    B) Urinalysis
    C) Serum electrolytes
    D) Mental status exam
A

A) Blood glucose level
Rationale: The first step in assessing DKA is checking the blood glucose level, as this helps confirm hyperglycemia.

65
Q
  1. Which laboratory finding is commonly seen in DKA?
    A) Low blood glucose
    B) Elevated ketones
    C) Normal bicarbonate levels
    D) Elevated insulin levels
A

B) Elevated ketones
Rationale: DKA is characterized by the presence of elevated ketones in the blood due to fat breakdown.

66
Q
  1. If a patient presents with nausea and vomiting along with hyperglycemia, what should the nurse suspect?
    A) Hyperglycemia alone
    B) DKA
    C) Simple dehydration
    D) Insulin overdose
A

B) DKA
Rationale: Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms of DKA and indicate a serious metabolic disturbance.

67
Q
  1. What is the priority nursing intervention for a patient in DKA?
    A) Administer oral glucose
    B) Initiate IV fluid replacement
    C) Monitor vital signs
    D) Provide a meal
A

B) Initiate IV fluid replacement
Rationale: The priority in DKA management is to rehydrate the patient with IV fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalances.

68
Q
  1. How should a nurse document symptoms of hyperglycemia?
    A) As “insufficient intake”
    B) As “patient refused treatment”
    C) Include the 3 P’s in notes
    D) Only document lab results
A

C) Include the 3 P’s in notes
Rationale: Documenting the classic symptoms of hyperglycemia (the 3 P’s) provides essential information about the patient’s condition.

69
Q
  1. What is an important dietary consideration for managing hyperglycemia?
    A) High-fat meals
    B) Low-carbohydrate diets
    C) Skipping meals
    D) Increased protein intake
A

B) Low-carbohydrate diets
Rationale: A diet low in simple carbohydrates can help manage blood glucose levels effectively.

70
Q
  1. Which of the following indicates a potential emergency in a patient with hyperglycemia?
    A) Increased thirst
    B) Blood glucose > 250 mg/dL with confusion
    C) Frequent urination
    D) Elevated energy levels
A

B) Blood glucose > 250 mg/dL with confusion
Rationale: A significantly high blood glucose level coupled with confusion indicates a serious condition like DKA.

71
Q
  1. In managing hyperglycemia, what is the role of insulin?
    A) To increase blood glucose levels
    B) To decrease urine output
    C) To facilitate cellular glucose uptake
    D) To stimulate appetite
A

C) To facilitate cellular glucose uptake
Rationale: Insulin helps cells take in glucose from the bloodstream, reducing blood sugar levels.

72
Q
  1. A patient with hyperglycemia has a blood glucose level of 350 mg/dL. What is the most appropriate action?
    A) Administer insulin as prescribed
    B) Encourage fluids only
    C) Document and monitor
    D) Provide high-sugar snacks
A

A) Administer insulin as prescribed
Rationale: High blood glucose levels require prompt insulin administration to prevent complications.

73
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if a patient with hyperglycemia develops fruity breath?
    A) Monitor the patient
    B) Provide oral fluids
    C) Notify the healthcare provider
    D) Administer glucagon
A

C) Notify the healthcare provider
Rationale: Fruity breath is a sign of potential DKA, necessitating immediate notification of the healthcare provider for further evaluation.

74
Q
  1. Which of the following interventions helps to prevent hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients?
    A) Encouraging high-calorie diets
    B) Regular blood glucose monitoring
    C) Avoiding insulin administration
    D) Increasing stress levels
A

B) Regular blood glucose monitoring
Rationale: Regular monitoring helps catch rising blood glucose levels early, allowing for timely intervention.

75
Q
  1. What is the significance of the “3 P’s” in a hyperglycemic patient?
    A) Indicate need for insulin
    B) Reflect dehydration status
    C) Signify metabolic acidosis
    D) Suggest potential infection
A

A) Indicate need for insulin
Rationale: The presence of the 3 P’s typically indicates that the patient may require insulin to manage hyperglycemia effectively.

76
Q
  1. Which electrolyte is particularly important to monitor in a patient with DKA?
    A) Sodium
    B) Potassium
    C) Calcium
    D) Chloride
A

B) Potassium
Rationale: Potassium levels can become dangerously low or high during DKA treatment due to shifts in fluid and electrolytes, requiring close monitoring.

77
Q
  1. What is a potential complication of untreated hyperglycemia?
    A) Hypoglycemia
    B) Diabetic ketoacidosis
    C) Stroke
    D) Hypertension
A

B) Diabetic ketoacidosis
Rationale: Untreated hyperglycemia can lead to DKA, a serious complication that requires urgent medical intervention.

78
Q
  1. How does the body typically respond to hyperglycemia?
    A) By conserving water
    B) By increasing insulin production
    C) By promoting ketone production
    D) By increasing urination
A

D) By increasing urination
Rationale: The body attempts to excrete excess glucose through urine, leading to increased urination (polyuria).

79
Q
  1. What should a nurse educate a patient with hyperglycemia about lifestyle changes?
    A) Decrease physical activity
    B) Increase carbohydrate intake
    C) Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise
    D) Avoid all sugars
A

C) Maintain a balanced diet and regular exercise
Rationale: A balanced diet and regular physical activity are key components in managing blood glucose levels effectively.

80
Q
  1. What is the best way to prevent hyperglycemic episodes in diabetic patients?
    A) Regular insulin injections
    B) Monitoring blood glucose regularly
    C) Skipping meals
    D) Reducing fluid intake
A

B) Monitoring blood glucose regularly
Rationale: Regular monitoring allows for timely adjustments in diet, activity, and medication, helping to prevent hyperglycemic episodes.

81
Q
  1. What is the primary method used for blood glucose monitoring in most patients?
    A) Venipuncture
    B) Capillary action using a glucometer
    C) Continuous glucose monitoring
    D) Urine tests
A

B) Capillary action using a glucometer
Rationale: The glucometer is the most common device used for capillary blood glucose monitoring.

82
Q
  1. Before performing a blood glucose test, what should the nurse verify?
    A) Patient’s last meal
    B) Patient’s identity and orders
    C) Insulin dosage
    D) Patient’s weight
A

B) Patient’s identity and orders
Rationale: It’s essential to verify the patient’s identity and ensure the test is ordered correctly before performing any procedure.

83
Q
  1. Which of the following is a pre-testing consideration for blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Only checking fasting patients
    B) Assessing for bleeding disorders
    C) Using the same site each time
    D) Avoiding patient education
A

B) Assessing for bleeding disorders
Rationale: Assessing for conditions like bleeding disorders is important to ensure patient safety during the procedure.

84
Q
  1. Where is the least painful site for capillary blood glucose testing?
    A) Palms
    B) Tips of fingers
    C) Sides of fingers
    D) Heels
A

C) Sides of fingers
Rationale: The sides of the fingers are less sensitive and often recommended for capillary blood glucose sampling to minimize discomfort.

85
Q
  1. What should the nurse assess regarding the skin before blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Color
    B) Integrity
    C) Temperature
    D) Moisture level
A

B) Integrity
Rationale: Assessing skin integrity is crucial to prevent infection and ensure accurate results when performing the test.

86
Q
  1. What is a common action taken before puncturing the skin for a glucose test?
    A) Apply a tourniquet
    B) Clean the site with alcohol
    C) Warm the site
    D) Use a larger lancet
A

B) Clean the site with alcohol
Rationale: Cleaning the site with alcohol helps reduce the risk of infection and contamination before testing.

87
Q
  1. What is the typical capillary blood volume required for a blood glucose test?
    A) 5 mL
    B) 0.5-1 mL
    C) 0.2-0.5 mL
    D) 2 mL
A

C) 0.2-0.5 mL
Rationale: Most glucometers require only a small volume of blood, usually between 0.2-0.5 mL, for accurate measurement.

88
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if a glucometer reading is unusually high?
    A) Document and monitor
    B) Repeat the test
    C) Administer insulin immediately
    D) Ignore it
A

B) Repeat the test
Rationale: A high reading should be confirmed with a repeat test to ensure accuracy before taking further action.

89
Q
  1. How often should blood glucose monitoring occur in patients with diabetes?
    A) Once a day
    B) As prescribed by the healthcare provider
    C) Only when feeling unwell
    D) Once a week
A

B) As prescribed by the healthcare provider
Rationale: The frequency of blood glucose monitoring should be tailored to the individual patient’s needs and healthcare provider’s orders.

90
Q
  1. What is the appropriate action if the site for blood glucose testing is swollen or inflamed?
    A) Proceed with the test
    B) Change the site
    C) Apply pressure
    D) Use a larger lancet
A

B) Change the site
Rationale: If the site is swollen or inflamed, it should be avoided to prevent inaccurate readings and further irritation.

91
Q
  1. Which type of patients might require special considerations before blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Patients with hypertension
    B) Patients with allergies
    C) Patients with bleeding disorders
    D) Patients on a diet
A

C) Patients with bleeding disorders
Rationale: Patients with bleeding disorders may require special precautions to ensure their safety during the procedure.

92
Q
  1. What should the nurse educate the patient about regarding blood glucose monitoring?
    A) It is not necessary for Type 2 diabetes
    B) It can be done without any preparation
    C) Proper technique is important for accurate results
    D) Only testing after meals is sufficient
A

C) Proper technique is important for accurate results
Rationale: Educating the patient on the importance of proper technique is crucial for obtaining reliable results.

93
Q
  1. What is the purpose of using a glucometer for blood glucose monitoring?
    A) To determine insulin resistance
    B) To provide real-time glucose levels
    C) To diagnose diabetes
    D) To monitor blood pressure
A

B) To provide real-time glucose levels
Rationale: A glucometer is used to provide immediate feedback on blood glucose levels, essential for managing diabetes.

94
Q
  1. What action should the nurse take if a patient refuses blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Force the patient
    B) Document refusal and reason
    C) Ignore it
    D) Contact the physician immediately
A

B) Document refusal and reason
Rationale: Documenting the patient’s refusal and the reason helps ensure proper communication in the patient’s care.

95
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if a patient’s blood glucose level is lower than expected?
    A) Wait and reassess
    B) Administer insulin
    C) Provide a snack
    D) Increase exercise
A

C) Provide a snack
Rationale: If the blood glucose is lower than expected, the patient should be given a snack or glucose to raise their levels.

96
Q
  1. In which situation should a nurse avoid using a fingerstick for blood glucose testing?
    A) Fasting patient
    B) Patient with severe dehydration
    C) Patient with cold hands
    D) Patient with hand tremors
A

B) Patient with severe dehydration
Rationale: Severe dehydration can lead to poor circulation, making fingersticks difficult and less reliable.

97
Q
  1. What is a common site to avoid for blood glucose testing?
    A) Thumb
    B) Middle finger
    C) Ring finger
    D) Pinky finger
A

A) Thumb
Rationale: The thumb is often avoided due to its thicker skin and increased sensitivity, making it less ideal for testing.

98
Q
  1. How can a nurse help reduce discomfort for a patient during blood glucose testing?
    A) Use a larger lancet
    B) Warm the hand before puncturing
    C) Press hard on the site
    D) Use the same site repeatedly
A

B) Warm the hand before puncturing
Rationale: Warming the hand can increase blood flow and make the puncture less painful.

99
Q
  1. What documentation is required after blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Only the glucose level
    B) Patient’s diet
    C) Any adverse reactions
    D) Glucose level, time, and site used
A

D) Glucose level, time, and site used
Rationale: Proper documentation includes the glucose level, the time of the test, and the site used for accurate medical records.

100
Q
  1. Which of the following statements about blood glucose monitoring is true?
    A) It is only necessary for Type 1 diabetes
    B) It can replace regular lab tests
    C) It provides immediate feedback
    D) It is optional for all patients
A

C) It provides immediate feedback
Rationale: Blood glucose monitoring provides real-time feedback, which is essential for immediate management decisions in diabetes care.

101
Q
  1. What is the first step in the blood glucose monitoring procedure?
    A) Prepare the glucometer
    B) Explain the procedure to the patient
    C) Clean the site
    D) Pierce the skin
A

B) Explain the procedure to the patient
Rationale: Ensuring the patient understands the procedure is crucial for informed consent and cooperation.

102
Q
  1. What should the nurse confirm with the patient before selecting a stick site?
    A) The patient’s insurance information
    B) The patient’s food preferences
    C) The patient’s preference for the stick site
    D) The patient’s exercise routine
A

C) The patient’s preference for the stick site
Rationale: Discussing the preferred site helps increase patient comfort and cooperation.

103
Q
  1. Which supplies are necessary for blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Syringe, insulin, and alcohol wipes
    B) Glucometer, strips, alcohol swab, gloves
    C) Bandages, gauze, and tape
    D) Only the glucometer
A

B) Glucometer, strips, alcohol swab, gloves
Rationale: These supplies are essential for conducting accurate and safe blood glucose monitoring.

104
Q
  1. What is the purpose of hand hygiene before blood glucose testing?
    A) To warm the hands
    B) To prevent infection
    C) To dry the hands
    D) To eliminate odor
A

B) To prevent infection
Rationale: Hand hygiene is vital to reduce the risk of infection for both the patient and the healthcare provider.

105
Q
  1. What should be done to the puncture site before testing?
    A) Apply a tourniquet
    B) Clean and prepare the site
    C) Warm the site with a heating pad
    D) Rub the area vigorously
A

B) Clean and prepare the site
Rationale: Cleaning the site with an alcohol swab minimizes the risk of infection and ensures accurate results.

106
Q
  1. Why should the first drop of blood be wiped away during glucose testing?
    A) It contains contaminants
    B) It provides an inaccurate reading
    C) It is painful
    D) It is unnecessary
A

B) It provides an inaccurate reading
Rationale: The first drop can contain interstitial fluid and may not provide a true glucose reading; wiping it ensures accuracy.

107
Q
  1. What action should be taken after piercing the skin with a lancet?
    A) Apply pressure immediately
    B) Wait for the blood to flow
    C) Wipe the first drop and use the second drop
    D) Use the first drop for testing
A

C) Wipe the first drop and use the second drop
Rationale: The second drop is more likely to give an accurate reading, as the first drop may be contaminated.

108
Q
  1. What is the appropriate method to cover the puncture site after testing?
    A) Use a bandage
    B) Leave it uncovered
    C) Apply pressure with a cotton ball
    D) Apply antiseptic cream
A

A) Use a bandage
Rationale: Covering the site helps protect it from infection and further irritation after the blood draw.

109
Q
  1. What is the last step in the blood glucose monitoring procedure?
    A) Document results
    B) Dispose of used supplies
    C) Clean the glucometer
    D) Educate the patient
A

A) Document results
Rationale: Documenting the results is crucial for tracking the patient’s glucose levels and ensuring proper medical records.

110
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if the glucometer does not turn on?
    A) Change the batteries
    B) Use a different glucometer
    C) Call for assistance
    D) Wait for it to turn on
A

B) Use a different glucometer
Rationale: If the glucometer is not functioning, using a different one is the best course of action to ensure the test can be performed.

111
Q
  1. When should the nurse wear gloves during the blood glucose monitoring procedure?
    A) Only if the patient requests it
    B) Always when handling blood and equipment
    C) Only after puncturing the skin
    D) Only if there are visible fluids
A

B) Always when handling blood and equipment
Rationale: Gloves should be worn to protect both the nurse and the patient from infection and contamination.

112
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if the blood glucose reading is abnormally low?
    A) Recheck the blood glucose
    B) Administer insulin
    C) Provide glucose immediately
    D) Document and wait
A

C) Provide glucose immediately
Rationale: If the reading is low, the patient needs immediate intervention with glucose to prevent hypoglycemia.

113
Q
  1. What is a common error that can occur during blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Using the correct puncture site
    B) Not wiping the first drop of blood
    C) Using a clean lancet
    D) Documenting results
A

B) Not wiping the first drop of blood
Rationale: Failing to wipe the first drop can lead to inaccurate readings due to the potential presence of interstitial fluid.

114
Q
  1. What should be done with used lancets after blood glucose testing?
    A) Reuse them if cleaned
    B) Dispose of them in a sharps container
    C) Throw them in the trash
    D) Soak them in disinfectant
A

B) Dispose of them in a sharps container
Rationale: Used lancets must be disposed of in a sharps container to prevent injury and contamination.

115
Q
  1. How should the nurse explain the blood glucose monitoring procedure to the patient?
    A) It is a quick and painless procedure
    B) It requires no preparation
    C) It is a lengthy process
    D) It is optional for them
A

A) It is a quick and painless procedure
Rationale: Providing a positive perspective about the procedure helps alleviate patient anxiety and encourages cooperation.

116
Q
  1. Why is it important to document the results of blood glucose monitoring?
    A) To track trends over time
    B) It is not necessary
    C) To inform other patients
    D) To fill out paperwork
A

A) To track trends over time
Rationale: Documentation helps healthcare providers monitor the patient’s condition and make informed decisions about their care.

117
Q
  1. Which of the following is a potential complication of improper blood glucose monitoring technique?
    A) Accurate readings
    B) Infection
    C) Minimal discomfort
    D) Quick results
A

B) Infection
Rationale: Improper technique, such as not cleaning the site, can lead to infection at the puncture site.

118
Q
  1. How can the nurse help the patient feel more comfortable during the procedure?
    A) Use a larger lancet
    B) Explain each step
    C) Perform the procedure quickly without talking
    D) Avoid eye contact
A

B) Explain each step
Rationale: Clear communication can help reduce anxiety and discomfort for the patient during the procedure.

119
Q
  1. What is the significance of handwashing for both the patient and nurse before testing?
    A) To cool the skin
    B) To remove any contaminants
    C) To warm the hands
    D) To prevent discomfort
A

B) To remove any contaminants
Rationale: Handwashing is essential to remove contaminants and prevent the risk of infection during the testing process.

120
Q
  1. What should the nurse do if the glucometer produces an error message?
    A) Ignore it
    B) Restart the glucometer
    C) Consult the manual or troubleshoot
    D) Immediately test again
A

C) Consult the manual or troubleshoot
Rationale: Addressing an error message by consulting the manual or troubleshooting ensures the device is functioning correctly before use.

121
Q
  1. What is the primary purpose of evaluating blood glucose results?
    A) To impress the provider
    B) To assess against target ranges
    C) To find an excuse for a snack
    D) To decide on a dessert
A

B) To assess against target ranges
Rationale: Evaluating results helps ensure they fall within the target ranges for effective diabetes management.

122
Q
  1. If a patient’s blood glucose level is significantly higher than the target range, what should the nurse do?
    A) Document and call it a day
    B) Ignore it
    C) Notify the healthcare provider
    D) Throw a party
A

C) Notify the healthcare provider
Rationale: Extreme values require prompt communication with the healthcare provider to address potential complications.

123
Q
  1. What is essential to document after blood glucose monitoring?
    A) Only the high values
    B) Weather conditions
    C) Findings and any interventions taken
    D) The patient’s favorite food
A

C) Findings and any interventions taken
Rationale: Comprehensive documentation ensures continuity of care and helps inform future decisions regarding the patient’s treatment.

124
Q
  1. When should a nurse reassess a patient’s blood glucose after documenting results?
    A) Only if the patient requests it
    B) After every meal
    C) If the results are extreme
    D) Never, it’s done!
A

C) If the results are extreme
Rationale: If results are significantly out of range, reassessment is necessary to ensure the patient’s safety and proper management.

125
Q
  1. Which of the following actions is appropriate when documenting abnormal blood glucose levels?
    A) Use vague terms
    B) Make a joke
    C) Provide a clear description and any patient symptoms
    D) Scribble it and move on
A

C) Provide a clear description and any patient symptoms
Rationale: Detailed documentation allows for better understanding and management of the patient’s condition.

126
Q
  1. What is the importance of comparing blood glucose results to target ranges?
    A) To find out who is the best at monitoring
    B) To determine the effectiveness of treatment
    C) To decide on lunch
    D) To impress the doctor
A

B) To determine the effectiveness of treatment
Rationale: Comparing results to target ranges helps assess how well the treatment plan is working for the patient.

127
Q
  1. How should a nurse handle documentation when a patient’s blood glucose level fluctuates widely?
    A) Document only the highs
    B) Ignore it
    C) Record all fluctuations and notify the provider
    D) Complain to colleagues
A

C) Record all fluctuations and notify the provider
Rationale: Accurate documentation of fluctuations is crucial for understanding the patient’s condition and guiding treatment.

128
Q
  1. What is an appropriate follow-up action after documenting an extreme blood glucose value?
    A) Wait a week to see what happens
    B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately
    C) Laugh it off
    D) Change the subject
A

B) Notify the healthcare provider immediately
Rationale: Immediate notification is essential for prompt intervention and management of potential complications.

129
Q
  1. Why is it important for nurses to assess blood glucose results against established target ranges?
    A) To avoid awkward conversations
    B) To make informed care decisions
    C) To create spreadsheets
    D) To win bets
A

B) To make informed care decisions
Rationale: Assessing results against target ranges allows for appropriate adjustments to the patient’s care plan based on their needs.

130
Q
  1. What should a nurse do if a blood glucose reading is borderline normal?
    A) Document and forget about it
    B) Call the patient a “glucose genius”
    C) Monitor trends over time and document findings
    D) Immediately change medications
A

C) Monitor trends over time and document findings
Rationale: Continuous monitoring helps identify patterns, enabling proactive adjustments in the patient’s management.

131
Q
  1. What nursing diagnosis might be appropriate for a patient with diabetes who lacks knowledge about management?
    A) Risk for Infection
    B) Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level
    C) Impaired Skin Integrity
    D) Acute Pain
A

B) Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level
Rationale: This diagnosis addresses the patient’s knowledge deficit, which can lead to unstable glucose levels.

132
Q
  1. What is a key intervention for a patient with the diagnosis of “Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level”?
    A) Schedule frequent meals
    B) Monitor glucose levels before meals
    C) Increase physical activity
    D) Administer insulin
A

B) Monitor glucose levels before meals
Rationale: Monitoring glucose levels helps identify fluctuations and manage the patient’s condition effectively.

133
Q
  1. Which patient education topic is essential for managing blood glucose levels?
    A) Importance of exercise only
    B) Recognizing symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia
    C) Dietary restrictions only
    D) Medication types only
A

B) Recognizing symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia
Rationale: Educating patients on recognizing symptoms helps them respond quickly to changes in their glucose levels.

134
Q
  1. What is a common factor that can lead to inaccurate blood glucose readings?
    A) Proper storage of strips
    B) Using a fresh sample
    C) Outdated/damaged strips
    D) Clean puncture site
A

C) Outdated/damaged strips
Rationale: Using outdated or damaged strips can lead to incorrect glucose readings, impacting patient management.

135
Q
  1. How does insufficient sample size affect blood glucose monitoring?
    A) It causes pain
    B) It may result in a false reading
    C) It speeds up the process
    D) It is unnecessary
A

B) It may result in a false reading
Rationale: An insufficient sample size can lead to inaccurate results, affecting treatment decisions.

136
Q
  1. What should a nurse reinforce when educating a patient on self-monitoring techniques?
    A) Avoiding all carbohydrates
    B) Testing blood glucose at the same time every day
    C) Only testing when feeling ill
    D) Ignoring the results if they are high
A

B) Testing blood glucose at the same time every day
Rationale: Consistency in testing helps in accurately monitoring and managing blood glucose levels over time.

137
Q
  1. What action should be taken if a nurse notices handling errors with blood glucose strips?
    A) Ignore it
    B) Educate the patient on proper handling
    C) Replace the strips only
    D) Document the error
A

B) Educate the patient on proper handling
Rationale: Education on proper handling is essential to ensure accurate testing and prevent future errors.

138
Q
  1. Which of the following could indicate a need for a nursing diagnosis of “Risk for Unstable Blood Glucose Level”?
    A) Patient reports regular glucose monitoring
    B) Patient has a detailed meal plan
    C) Patient demonstrates confusion about diabetes management
    D) Patient exercises regularly
A

C) Patient demonstrates confusion about diabetes management
Rationale: Confusion indicates a lack of understanding, which can lead to unstable blood glucose levels.

139
Q
  1. Why is it important to educate patients on proper storage of glucose strips?
    A) To reduce costs
    B) To ensure accurate readings
    C) To minimize discomfort
    D) To avoid extra trips to the pharmacy
A

B) To ensure accurate readings
Rationale: Proper storage prevents damage to the strips and ensures they function correctly, leading to accurate results.

140
Q
  1. What should be done if a patient frequently reports high blood glucose levels?
    A) Increase the patient’s exercise routine
    B) Review the patient’s monitoring technique and education
    C) Change the medication regimen without consulting the provider
    D) Document only
A

B) Review the patient’s monitoring technique and education
Rationale: Assessing education and technique can help identify gaps that may be causing high glucose levels.

141
Q
  1. What is one major risk of relying solely on outdated glucose strips for monitoring?
    A) Increased patient comfort
    B) Decreased frequency of testing
    C) Risk of mismanagement of diabetes
    D) Improved patient satisfaction
A

C) Risk of mismanagement of diabetes
Rationale: Outdated strips can lead to inaccurate results, resulting in inappropriate treatment decisions and mismanagement of the condition.

142
Q
  1. How can a nurse assess if a patient understands self-monitoring of blood glucose?
    A) By asking if they have a glucometer
    B) By having the patient demonstrate the technique
    C) By discussing their medication only
    D) By observing their diet
A

B) By having the patient demonstrate the technique
Rationale: Demonstration allows the nurse to assess the patient’s understanding and skill in self-monitoring.

143
Q
  1. What effect can improper site preparation have on blood glucose testing?
    A) It can enhance comfort
    B) It can lead to increased accuracy
    C) It can cause infection
    D) It can affect the readings
A

D) It can affect the readings
Rationale: Improper site preparation can lead to contamination and inaccurate readings, impacting diabetes management.

144
Q
  1. What intervention is crucial for patients to recognize symptoms of hypo/hyperglycemia?
    A) Providing them with written materials only
    B) Instructing them to call the nurse for every symptom
    C) Teaching them to respond appropriately to symptoms
    D) Ignoring their symptoms
A

C) Teaching them to respond appropriately to symptoms
Rationale: Empowering patients with knowledge allows them to manage their symptoms effectively and seek help when needed.

145
Q
  1. If a patient is consistently unable to provide an adequate blood sample, what is a recommended intervention?
    A) Ignore the issue
    B) Teach the patient about alternative puncture sites
    C) Only test during hospitalization
    D) Use the same site repeatedly
A

B) Teach the patient about alternative puncture sites
Rationale: Educating about different sites can help improve sample adequacy and comfort during testing.

essentials (16 decks)

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