Glucose Homeostasis Flashcards
What do normal blood glucose levels range from?
80-110mg/100ml
What hormones does hypoglycemia release?
Glucagon
GH
epinephrine
Cortisol
Insulin
Somatostatin
What organs does glucagon target
Liver and adipose
What organs does GH target
Liver and muscle that responds to both this and somatomedin C
What organs does epinephrine target?
Liver, adipose, and muscle
What organs does cortisol target?
Liver, adipose, and muscle
What organs does insulin target
Liver, adipose, muscle
What organs does somatostatin target?
Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary
What does glucagon respond to
Hypoglycemia only
What does GH respond to
Hypoglycemia plus exercise and sleep
What does epinephrine respond to
Hypoglycemia plus acute stress
What does cortisol respond to
Chronic stress and does not need hypoglycemia to be released
What does insulin respond to
Hyperglycemia
What does somatostatin respond to
Hyperglycemia
Where does glucagon come from
Alpha cells of pancreas
Where does growth hormone come from?
Hypothalamus
Where does epinephrine come from?
Adrenal medulla
Where does cortisol come from
Adrenal cortex
Where does insulin come from
Beta cells of pancreas
Where does somatostatin come from
Delta cells of pancreas
What happens when glucagon targets adipose?
Lipolysis
What happens when glucagon targets the liver?
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Beta oxidation of fats termed ketogenesis
What happens when GH targets liver?
IGF-1 AKA somatomedin C released.
What happens when somatomedin C targets muscle?
It increases amino acid uptake, protein synthesis and fat utilization.
Decreases protein breakdown and carb utilization.
