Alaline Cycles And Pathways

Question 1

What stimulates alanine cycle?

Answer 1

Glucagon, cortisol. Epinephrine/noepinhephrine

Question 2

Why is glucagon released?

Answer 2

Hypoglycemia

Question 3

Why is cortisol released?

Answer 3

Chronic stress

Question 4

Why is epinephrine/noepinephrine released?

Answer 4

Hypoglycemia and acute stress

Question 5

What happens to private in muscle with oxygen?

Answer 5

Goes to mitochondria for Krebs cycle to make ATP in cytochrome chain

Question 6

What happens to private in muscle without oxygen?

Answer 6

Lactic acid and goes to liver using enzyme LDH.

Question 7

How is pyruvate excreted as urea?

Answer 7

With transamination it transports NH2 via alanine using ALT/SGPT enzyme from muscle to breakdown to liver

Question 8

Regulation of blood sugar involves what?

Answer 8

Brain
RBC
Liver
Muscle
Adipose tissue

Question 9

Glycogenolysis pathway

Answer 9

Glycogen to glucose

Question 10

Glycolysis pathway

Answer 10

Glucose to pyruvate

Question 11

Pentose phosphate shunt pathway

Answer 11

Glucose converted to other sugars such as ribose 5 phosphate

Question 12

Lipolysis pathway

Answer 12

Triacyglycerols (TAGs) converted to 3 fatty acids plus glycerol

Question 13

Beta oxidation of fats pathway

Answer 13

Fatty acids converted to acetyl CoA

Question 14

Name the catabolic pathways

Answer 14

Glycogenolysis
Glycolysis
Pentose Phosphate Shunt
Lipolysis
Beta oxidation of fats

Question 15

Name the anabolic pathways

Answer 15

Glycogenesis
Gluconeogenesis
Fatty acid synthesis
Cholesterol synthesis

Question 16

Glycogenesis pathway

Answer 16

Glucose to glycogen

Question 17

Gluconeogenesis pathway

Answer 17

Non-carbs such as alanine or lactate or some other amino acids converted to glucose

Question 18

Fatty acid synthesis pathway

Answer 18

Glucose to palmitate

Question 19

Cholesterol synthesis pathway

Answer 19

Acetyl CoA from glucose converted to cholesterol

Question 20

Types of cellular respiration?

Answer 20

Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain

Question 21

What is Kreb’s cycle?

Answer 21

Oxidation of fuels and production of reduced nucleotides, carbon dioxide and GTP.
Carbs, fatty acids, and amino acids can enter cycle.

Question 22

What is the electron transport chain?

Answer 22

Transduction of electrons from reduced nucleotides and production of ATP by proton motive force