glucose Flashcards

1
Q

5 actions of insulin

A
  1. accelerates facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells
  2. accelerates the conversion of glucose into glyccogen
  3. increases synthesis of proteins and fatty acids
  4. slows the conversion of glycogen to glucose
  5. slows the formation of glucose from lactic acid, amino acid and glycerol
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2
Q

change in composition and volume of urine

A

sam bgl exceeds renal threshold which is 9mmol/L

capacity for renal tubules to reabsorb glucose has been exceeded and glucose will be lost in urine

water will follow by osmsis so urine volume increases

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3
Q

blood osmolality and thirst

A

sam will have increased blood osmolarity because he has an excessive urine output causing dehydration

thirst centre in hypothalaums will be activated and sam will drink more fluid

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4
Q

2 metabolic reactions that will provide glucose for cells

A

Glycogenolysis
- breakdown of glycogen to form glucose

Gluconeogenesis
-synthesis of new glucose from glycerol, amino acids and lactic acid

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5
Q

explain ketoacidosis in regard to blood ph and h+ concentration

A

blood pH will be lowere in response to increased H+ concentration

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6
Q

name the control centre and response of effectors and how this will help restore blood pH

A

blood gas indicates metabolic acidosis. chempreceptors in his aortic arch and carotid sinuses will send impulses to resp centre in m.o and pons

increased rr and depth reduces co2 levels in blood raising pH

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7
Q

name the hormone that is produced in response to low BGL

A

glucagon

  • liver cvells to convert glyogen to glucose
  • formation of glucose from amino acids and lactic acid
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8
Q

3 other hormones that help to restore sams BGL

A
  • adrenaline
    release stimulated by SNS causing rapid glycogenolysis
  • cortisol
    released in a stress ituation (under influence of ACTH) and causes gluconeogenesis by liver cells
  • thyroxine
    stiumulates protein syhteis and use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production
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