blood groups and transfusion

Question 1

Describe three responses to blood loss

Answer 1

reducing blood loss through haemostasis
increasing production of RBC
actions of the sns

Question 2

Define the term antigen

Answer 2

a substance that is recognised as foreign by the immune system and generates an immune response.

Question 3

State which antigen each blood group has

Answer 3

A - a antigens
B - b antigens
AB - both a and b
O- no antigens

Question 4

What antibodies are present in each blood group plasma

Answer 4

A - antibody B
B - antibody A
AB - neither
O - antibodies A and B

Question 5

state the blood type for universal recipients and why can they receive blood from all blood groups

Answer 5

AB positive

they have no a, b or d antibodies in their plasma

Question 6

state the blood type for universal donors and why they can donate to all blood groups

Answer 6

O negative

no a b or d antigens therefore no a or b antibodies

Question 7

Explain the difference between blood typing and cross-matching

Answer 7

typing is identifying the blood group

cross matching is the mixing of donor and recipient blood for compatibility

Question 8

what are the 6 transfusion reactions

Answer 8

1 acute haemolytic
2 febrile
3 mild allergic 
4 anaphylactic 
5 circulatory overload
6 sepsis

Question 9

describe what causes a febrile reaction

Answer 9

reaction to donor WBC, platelets or plasma proteins

Question 10

describe what causes an acute haemolytic reaction

Answer 10

incompatible blood transfusion

• agglutination
• haemolysis