Glucocorticoids Flashcards
Types of Adrenocorticoids
Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids:
_______ hormone
Increases ________ concentrations
Potent __________ effect
Stress; Glucose; Anti-inflammtory
Mineralocorticoids:
Regulates _________
Controls _________
Na/K+ level; Blood pressure
Adrenal Gland:
What comes from the Cortex?
Glucocorticoids; Mineralocorticoids; Androgens
Adrenal Gland:
what comes from the medulla?
Epinephrine and Norepinephrine
What is the HPA Axis
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis
1) Hypothal senses stress
2) Hypothal makes CRH
3) CRH goes to Ant. Pituitary
4) Ant. Pituitary makes ACTH
5) ACTH stimulates Adrenal gland
6) Adrenal gland makes cortisol
Stress Hormones: Epi vs. Cortisol
Epinephrine binds to what receptor?
Beta-adrenergic receptor (GPCR)
will stimulate GaS pathywat - more cAMP
Stress Hormones: Epi vs. Cortisol
Which one is immediate response and which one is long term response?
immediate: Epi
Cortisol: long term/has to regulate gene transcription
Stress Hormones: Epi vs. Cortisol
Cortisol binds to what receptor?
nuclear hormone receptor
Stress Hormones: Epi vs. Cortisol
Epi role in the body
breaks down glycogen/release insulin
Stress Hormones: Epi vs. Cortisol
Cortisol role in the body
induce gluconeogeneic enzymes
How does glucocorticoids affect the LIVER
increase gluconeogenesis and increase glycogen storage (because it becomes readily available glucose)
How does glucocorticoids affect the Muscle
promote protein degradation
decrease protein synthesis
decrease sensitivity to INSULIN
How does glucocorticoids affect the Adipose tissue
promote lipolysis (break down for energy) decrease sensitivity to insulin
Glucocorticoids reduce the sensitivity to insulin in what areas?
muscle and adipose tissues
How does glucocorticoids affect the immune system
blocks synthesis of cytokines and inhibits production of eicosanoids
leads to IMMUNOSUPRESSION AND ANTI-INFLAMMATION
Classic Model of Steroid Action:
Hormone binds to Hormone receptor and ______ is released; Then the hormone receptor will move to the _______ and work as a __________ factor
heat shock proteins; nucleus; transcription
Hormone receptors move to nucleus to affect transcription and do this by binding as a _______
dimer
what is the HRE
Hormone responsive elements - is where dimers bind on DNA
where is HRE found
upstream from steroid responsive genes
Glucocorticoids upregulate what kind of enzymes?
ones that cause gluconeogensis and anti-inflammatory proteins
what is lipocortin I?
it comes from glucocorticoids (somehow) and it will suppress phospholipase A2 –> will hault eicosanoid synthesis