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Therapeutics 1 Kappa Epsilon Version > Fluids and Electrolytes > Flashcards

Fluids and Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

How to evaluate hyponatremia

A

look at osm first, then look at volume status if hypotonic

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2
Q

Hypertonic hyponatremia - common cause

A

elevated glucose - therefore use corrected Na equation

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3
Q

2 main causes of hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

diuresis, blood loss,

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4
Q

How to treat symptomatic hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

3% NaCl

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5
Q

How to treat asymptomatic hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

0.9% NaCl

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6
Q

Common cause of Isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

SIADH

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7
Q

common causes of SIADH

A

carbamazepines; antipsychotics; SSRIs

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8
Q

How to treat symptomatic Isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

3% NaCl and furosemide

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9
Q

How to treat asymptomatic Isovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

use isotonic NaCl and fluid restrict

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10
Q

causes of Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

Kidney failure/heart failure

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11
Q

how to treat symptomatic Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

3% NaCl and furosemide

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12
Q

how to treat asymptomatic Hypervolemic hypotonic hyponatremia

A

only furosemide

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13
Q

How to asses Hypernatremia

A

look at volume status

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14
Q

How to treat hypovolemic hypernatremia

A

give free water - use free water equation (rule of dosing is give 1/2 over first day, last 1/2 over next 1 -2 days)

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15
Q

how to treat isovolemic hypernatremia

A

(aka diabetes insipidus) give desmopression or vasopression

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16
Q

how to treat hypervolemic hypernatremia

A

stop hypertonic fluid or give diuretic

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17
Q

Common causes of hypokalemia

A

diuretics; metabolic alkalosis; Mg depletion

18
Q

Infusion rate for K+

A

10 mEq/hr (max with no cardiac hook up)

19
Q

common cause of hyperkalemia

A

metabolic acidosis

20
Q

3 steps to take care of SEVERE HYPERKALEMIA ( >7)

A

1 - antagonize membrane effects
2 - decrease extracellular K+ concen (push K+ into cells)
3 - excrete K+ out of the body

21
Q

Drugs that will help treat hyperkalemia - will antagonize membrane effects

A

calcium chloride

22
Q

Drugs that will help treat hyperkalemia - will push K+ into cells

A

insulin/D5W; NaHCO3; albuterol

23
Q

Drugs that will help treat hyperkalemia - will get K+ out of the body

A

furosemide; dialysis; patiromer; sodium polystyrene sulfonate

24
Q

Hypomagnesemia is often associated with?

A

low Ca and low K

25
Q

Common causes of hypocalcemia

A

Large volumes of blood products (citrate in it will bind to Ca2+); hypoalbunemia

26
Q

when to use the corrected calcium equation

A

when albumin is low

27
Q

2 IV ways to treat hypocalcemia

A

Calcium chloride or calcium gluconate

28
Q

when to use: calcium chloride vs calcium gluconate

A

cl: more concentrated - during code…

gluconate - less concentrated - less risk for necrosis/extravasation

29
Q

Possible ways to treat hypercalcemia

A

volume expansion/diuretics (push Ca out); calcitonin; bisphosphanates; glucocorticoids

30
Q

3 main reasons hypercalcemia occurs

A

increased bone resorption; increased GI absorption; decreased kidney elimination

31
Q

1 mMol of NaPhos has _____ mEq of Na and Phos

A

1.33

32
Q

1 mMol of KPhos has _____ mEq of K and Phos

A

1.47

33
Q

NaPhos or KPhos will effect an electrolyte level heavily?

A

K+

34
Q

adverse effects of albumin

A

hypervolemia; azotemia

35
Q

Common indications for Albumin uses

A

volume expansion; burns; shock; ARDS;

36
Q

What does the hemoglobin level have to be at to use blood

A

7 - 8 g/dL

37
Q

How much does a unit of RBC increase hemoglobin

A

1 g/dL

38
Q

what is the “most common MIVF”

A

D5W + 1/2NS + 20mEq KCl

39
Q

Treating Hypocalcemia - ACUTELY

A

100 - 300 mg elemental Ca IV over 5 - 10 min

Dont add bicarb or phos!!!!

40
Q

Ways to treat hypercalemia

A

furosemide/volume expansion
glucocoritcoids
Calcitonin
bisphosphanates

Therapeutics 1 Kappa Epsilon Version (17 decks)

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